3th Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

3th Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh Essay Sandy Hook Shooting: Is It Time to Change the Second Amendment? Sandy Hook Shooting Is It Time to Change the Second Amendment About 80 million Americans, representing half of U.S. homes, own more than 223 million guns. The debate about the Second Amendment has been fierce, but after the horrible atrocity that just happened in Newtown, Connecticut, the time has come to rethink the amendment and change it. The change of the amendment in terms of availability of weapons, and who has the right to possess them, would create a safer society and lower the gun homicide rate in the U. S. — a figure that currently makes the U.S. the highest in the world. The change would include a certain necessary procedure in order to get a license for possessing a gun. Moreover, this procedure should include medical checks, full criminal history, and a police interview to prove they actually need a gun. Atrocities like what happened today could theoretically be prevented if it were more difficult to come into possession of weapons in the U.S. At this moment, there is a widely accepted misconception about the history of the amendment and its purpose within American society. When the founding fathers implemented Second Amendment the main idea behind it was to provide citizens with a way to oppose possible tyrannical government. However, today it is widely believed that the Second Amendment is there to provide you with a way to protect yourself from other individuals. The debate is also present over whether the Second Amendment provides for collective or individual rights. However, in 2008, in the District of Columbia v. Heller case before the Supreme Court, the Court ruled that the Second Amendment protects an individuals right to possess a firearm, unconnected to service in a militia and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home. In a 2011 Gallup poll, only 26% of American citizens said they would support the handgun ban. When Gallup first asked Americans this question in 1959, 60% favored banning handguns. But since 1975, the majority of Americans have opposed such a measure, with opposition around 70% in recent years. Americans have shifted to a more pro-gun view on gun laws, with record-low support for bans on handguns, assault rifle bans, and stricter gun laws in general. This remains true even as high-profile incidents of gun violence continue across the United States. The reasons for this ideological shift do not appear to be reactions to the crime situation, and are probably rather related to a widespread acceptance of guns by the  American public. It is widely believed that having the right to bear arms contributes to higher security. By enabling a great number of people to carry weapons, the society as a whole will not benefit from greater security. Moreover, it will become more unstable. The control of the weapons must be toughened and the right to possess and bear them restricted. The cases of shootings on American campuses and in schools are numerous and an argument that stricter gun control laws should be enforced stands strong. With medical and background checks, people who want to possess a gun won’t be stopped. However, the chance that someone with a mental disorder will have access to arsenal gets lower. The U.S. has the highest rate of gun ownership and of gun homicide in the developed world, it can definitely be argued that the amount of guns present the homicide rate will also be reduced. In 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton agreed with the U.N. to set a timetable for the regulation of the arms trade between the states. The United States joined 152 other countries in support of the Arms Trade Treaty Resolution, which establishes the dates for the 2012 UN conference intended to further regulate gun trade around the world. Many in the U.S. have seen this treaty as an introduction to domestic firearm control, even though this is wrong. In order to change the Second Amendment, a two-thirds majority in the Senate is required and at this point chances of changing that happening are slim. Throughout the world there are different regulations about gun ownership. Great Britain banned private ownership of guns in 1997; Australia also followed the same path. A 1999 Harvard School of Public Health study revealed that, Americans feel less safe as more people in their community begin to carry guns, and that 90% believe that regular citizens should be prohibited from bringing guns into most public places, including stadiums, restaurants, hospitals, college campuses, and places of worship. We should not have the illusion that the world can overnight become a safe place where guns are not needed. These are dark times for those who demand sane regulation of gun ownership. The courts come and go. Public opinion and political power, like the common law, changes and evolves. Guns must not be accessible to all and they must be restricted. By restricting the gun availability, the possibility for situations like the Newtown massacre would be dramatically lowered. Even if we assume that one day a tyrannical government may come to power, under the current circumstances, with the U.S.  government in possession of tanks, airplanes and drones, one can argue that the light weapons held by the citizens would not be enough. The argument of the founding fathers therefore becomes obsolete and the amendment must be changed to ensure the greater safety of American citizens. The Second Amendment Eleven years later, after the war for independence had been won, our Founders assembled once again to draw up a plan for governing the new nation. That plan would be ratified two years later as the Constitution of the United States of America. To understand the true meaning of the Second Amendment, it is important to understand the men who wrote and ratified it, and the issues they faced in creating the Constitution. During the debate over the ratification of the Constitution, there was significant concern that a  strong federal government would trample on the individual rights of citizensas had happened under British rule. To protect the basic rights of Americansrights which each person possesses and that are guaranteed, but not granted, by any governmentthe framers added the first ten amendments to the Constitution as a package. Those amendments have come to be known as the Bill of Rights. They represent the fundamental freedoms that are at the heart of our society, including fre edom of speech, freedom of religion and the right of the people to keep and bear arms. The History of Our Rights The British people did not have a written constitution as we have in the United States. However, they did have a tradition of protecting individual rights from government. Those rights were set forth in a number of documents, including the Magna Carta and the English Declaration of Rights. The Founders who wrote the Bill of Rights drew many of their ideas from the traditions of English common law, which is the body of legal tradition and court decisions that acted as an unwritten constitution and as a balance to the power of English kings. The Founders believed in the basic rights of men as described in written legal documents and in unwritten legal traditions. One of these was the right of the common people to bear arms, which was specifically recognized in the English Declaration of Rights of 1689. However, the Founders also recognized that without a blueprint for what powers government could exercise, the rights of the people would always be subject to being violated. The Constitution, and particularly the Bill of Rights, was created to specifically describe the powers of government and the rights of individuals government was not allowed to infringe. 1. Does the Second Amendment Describe An Individual Right? Some people claim that there is no individual right to own firearms. However, anyone familiar with the principles upon which this country was founded will recognize this claim`s most glaring flaw: in America, rightsby definitionbelong to individuals. The Founding Fathers created the Bill of Rights to protect the rights of individuals. The freedoms of religion, speech, association, and the rest all refer to individual liberties. The Second Amendment right to keep and bear  arms is no different. When the first Congress penned the Second Amendment in 1789, it took the wording, with some style changes, from a list of rights introduced by James Madison of Virginia. Congressman Madison had promised the Virginia ratifying convention that he would sponsor a Bill of Rights if the Constitution were ratified. The amendments he wrote would not change anything in the original Constitution. Madison repeatedly insisted that nothing in the original Constitution empowered the federal government to infringe on the rights of the people, specifically including the right of individuals to have guns. In constructing the Bill of Rights, Madison followed the recommendations of the state ratifying conventions. Though they ratified the Constitution, several of those conventions had recommended adding provisions about specific rights. Five conventions recommended adding a right to arms; by comparison, only three conventions mentioned free speech. Members of Congress had no doubt as to the amendment`s meaning. They and their contemporaries were firearm owners, hunters and in some cases gun collectors (George Washington and Thomas Jefferson exchanged letters about their collections). They had just finished winning their freedoms with gun in hand, and would, in their next session, pass legislation requiring most male citizens to buy and own at least one firearm and 30 rounds of ammunition. The only reason there is a controversy about the Second Amendment is that on this subject many highly vocal and influential 21st Century Americans reject what seemed elementary common senseand basic principleto our Founding Fathers. The words of the founders make clear they believed the individual right to own firearms was very important: Thomas Jefferson said, No free man shall be debarred the use of arms. Patrick Henry said, The great object is, that every man be armed. Richard Henry Lee wrote that, to preserve liberty it is essential that the whole body of people always possess arms. Thomas Paine noted, [A]rms . . . discourage and keep the invader and the  plunderer in awe, and preserve order in the world as well as property. Samuel Adams warned that: The said Constitution be never construed to authorize Congress to infringe the just liberty of the press, or the rights of conscience; or to prevent the people of the United States, who are peaceable citizens, from keeping their own arms. The Constitution and Bill of Rights repeatedly refer to the rights of the people and to the powers of government. The Supreme Court has recognized that the phrase the people, which is used in numerous parts of the Constitution, including the Preamble, the Second, Fourth, Ninth and Tenth Amendments, refers to people as individuals. In each case, rights belonging to the people are without question the rights of individuals. Dozens of essays have been written by the nation`s foremost authorities on the Constitution, supporting the traditional understanding of the right to arms as an individual right, protected by the Second Amendment. 2. Isn`t the well regulated militia the National Guard? Gun control supporters insist that the right of the people really means the right of the state to maintain the militia, and that this militia is the National Guard. This is not only inconsistent with the statements of America`s Founders and the concept of individual rights, it also wrongly defines the term militia. Centuries before the Second Amendment was drafted, European political writers used the term well regulated militia to refer to all the people, armed with their own firearms or swords, bows or spears, led by officers they chose. America`s Founders defined the militia the same way. Richard Henry Lee wrote, A militia when properly formed are in fact the people themselves . . . and include all men capable of bearing arms. . . . Making the same point, Tench Coxe wrote that the militia are in fact the effective part of the people at large. George Mason asked, [W]ho are the militia? They consist now of the  whole people, except a few public officers. The Militia Act of 1792, adopted the year after the Second Amendment was ratified, declared that the Militia of the United States (members of the militia who had to serve if called upon by the government) included all able-bodied adult males. The National Guard was not established until 1903. In 1920 it was designated one part of the Militia of the United States. The other part included other able-bodied adult men, plus some other men and women. However, in 1990, the Supreme Court held that the federal government possesses complete power over the National Guard. The Guard is the third part of the United States Army, along with the regular Army and Army Reserve. The Framers` independent well regulated militia remains as they intended, America`s armed citizenry. 3. Have the Courts or Congress ever studied the meaning of the Second Amendment? On June 26, 2008, the Supreme Court issued its decision in the case of District of Columbia v. Heller. In a 5-4 decision, the Court upheld the ruling of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit that the Second Amendment protects a right to possess firearms for individuals, and not just a right to have them as part of a militia or the National Guard. The Court also held that the Second Amendment is not meant to protect a â€Å"state’s right† to maintain a militia or National Guard. The decision struck down the District’s bans on handguns and on having any gun in usable condition as violations of the Second Amendment, and prohibited the District from denying a person a permit to carry a firearm within his home on without cause. Highlights of the majority opinion, written by Justice Antonin Scalia and joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Samuel Alito, Anthony Kennedy, and Clarence Thomas, can be found here: /Issues/FactSheets/Read.aspx?id=235issue=010. The Court ruled that â€Å"[T]he operative clause [of the Second Amendment] codifies a ‘right of the people.† And went on to explain: â€Å"In all six other provisions of the Constitution that mention ‘the people,’ the term unambiguously refers to all members of the political community, not an unspecified subset. . . .’† Put plainly, the Heller decision says that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess firearms for legal purposes, including for sporting use and for self-defense. In coming to this conclusion, the courts examined the meaning of the words in the Second Amendment, including the meaning of â€Å"arms† the phrase â€Å"to bear arms† and to â€Å"keep â€Å" arms. The court also carefully considered the meaning of â€Å"militia† and the relationship between the militia and the â€Å"right to keep and bear arms.† In the majority opinion, the court clearly rejected the idea of a â€Å"collective or group right, that is, a right held by the states. The court found that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess firearms. The full impact of the Heller decision is still not known. States and cities with restrictive gun laws are now facing challenges to their specific laws and future court cases will continue to define the how the Second Amendment protects individual rights and what types of gun laws will be allowed. Before the Heller decision, the most thorough examination of the Second Amendment and related issues ever undertaken by a court is the 2001 decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in U.S. v. Emerson. In Emerson, the Appeals court devoted dozens of pages of its decision to studying the Second Amendment’s history and text. It began by examining the Supreme Court’s decision in U.S. v. Miller (1939), which individual rights opponents claim supports the notion of the Second Amendment protecting only a â€Å"collective right† of a state to maintain a militia. The Fifth Circuit disagreed. â€Å"We conclude that Miller does not support the collective rights or sophisticated collective rights approach to the Second Amendment.† The court then turned to the history and text of the Second Amendment. â€Å"There is no evidence in the text of the Second Amendment, or any other part of the Constitution, that the words ‘the people’ have a different connotation within the Second Amendment than when employed elsewhere in the Constitution. In fact, the text of the Constitution, as a whole, strongly suggests that the words ‘the people’ have precisely the same meaning within the Second Amendment as without. And as used throughout the Constitution, ‘the people’ have ‘rights’ and ‘powers,’ but federal and state governments only have ‘powers’ or ‘authority’, never ‘rights.’† The court concluded, â€Å"We have found no historical evidence that the Second Amendment was intended to convey militia power to the states, limit the federal government’s power to maintain a standing army, or applies only to members of a select militia while on active duty. All of the evidence indicates that the Second Amendment, like other parts of the Bill of Rights, applies to and protects individual Americans. We find that the history of the Second Amendment reinforces the plain meaning of its text, namely that it protects individual Americans in their right to keep and bear arms whether or not they are a member of a select militia or performing active military service or training.† Four times in American history, Congress has enacted legislation declaring its clear understanding of the Second Amendment`s meaning. Congress has never given any support for the newly minted argument that the amendment fails to protect any right of the people, and instead ensures a â€Å"collective right† of states to maintain militias. In 1866, 1941, 1986, and 2005, Congress passed laws to reaffirm this guarantee of personal freedom and to adopt specific safeguards to enforce it. The Freedmen’s Bureau Act of 1866 was enacted to protect the rights of freed slaves to keep and bear arms following the Civil War and at the outset of the chaotic Reconstruction period. The act declared protection for the â€Å"full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings concerning personal liberty, personal security, and . . . estate . . . including the constitutional right to bear arms. . . .† The Property Requisition Act of 1941 was intended to reassure Americans that preparations for war would not include repressive or tyrannical policies against firearms owners. It was passed shortly before the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, which led the United States into World War II. The act declared that it would not â€Å"authorize the requisitioning or require the registration of any firearms possessed by any individual for his personal protection or sport,† or â€Å"to impair or infringe in any manner the right of any individual to keep and bear arms. . . .† The two more recent laws sought to reverse excesses involving America’s legal system. In the Firearms Owners’ Protection Act of 1986, Congress reacted to overzealous enforcement policies under the federal firearms law: The Congress finds that the rights of citizens to keep and bear arms under the second amendment to the United States Constitution; to security against illegal and unreasonable searches and seizures under the fourth amendment; against uncompensated taking of property, double jeopardy, and assurance of due process of law under the fifth amendment; and against unconstitutional exercise of authority under the ninth and tenth amendments; require additional legislation to correct existing firearms statutes and enforcement policies. . . . And in 2005, as a result of lawsuits aiming to destroy America’s firearms industry, Congress passed the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act to end this threat to the Second Amendment. The act begins with findings that go to the heart of the matter: Congress finds the following: (1) The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. (2) The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the rights of individuals, including those who are not members of a militia or engaged in military service or training, to keep and bear arms. 4. What are gun control laws? Gun control is the popular name for laws that regulate, limit or prohibit the purchase and possession of firearms. Gun control laws are usually  proposed on the grounds they will stop the criminal misuse of firearms, but they are almost never actually targeted at criminals. Supporters of gun control most commonly call for laws that restrict law-abiding people, the only ones who will obey them. Laws prohibiting the possession of a firearm are unlikely to stop a person willing to commit robbery, assault or murder. On the other hand, honest citizens who respect the law will submit to the gun control laws, even if the laws do not make them safer.

Hockey Lockout :: essays research papers

Players Behind Bars The National Hockey League (NHL) has a great history. Many think the ‘original six’ was the beginning. This is not so. In 1917 it consisted of five teams, namely the Montreal Canadians, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, Quebec Bulldogs and the Toronto Arenas. Toronto was the only team with artificial ice. During the 1923-24 seasons a franchise was granted to the first American team, the Boston Bruins. As can be seen the first six team NHL occurred in 1924-5 but varied greatly from the six teams promoted today as the original six. In the 80 years since the original six teams were in place, the league has grown extremely rapidly, presently having 30 teams. [NHL History] Hockey is the Canadian game, but has also turned into a profitable business. The current commissioner of the National Hockey League, Gary Bettman, may have ruined the league for years to come. Bettman and the rest of the NHL owners are locking out the players demanding what they are calling "cost certainty." Their method for this is a salary cap. The owners are clearly at fault for the crisis at hand, and are the cause for the cancellation of the 2004-05 seasons. The owners caused each and every one of the problems they now wish to solve; they were not very welcoming to negotiations, and were not willing to bend from their unreasonable proposition of a ‘hard cap’. The owners have been the masters of their own demise. The New York Rangers, in the last few years have had an incredible pay role. Who is it that is trying to buy a winning team, by tripling salaries? Not the players – the Rangers owners. Consistently as the league grew from the original six to the thirty teams there are now, the salaries of the players grew with it. The owners did not buy franchises for the love of the game, but to make money. To make money the team must win. Owners have been constantly spending more money to buy their players. The players dedicate their lives to the sport, are constantly on the road, and sacrifice their bodies for the game. The player’s goals are to be the best that they can be. Did the players make the contracts? No – the only wrong they have committed was signing the dotted line on the bottom. The owners then take this action against the players to try to protect themselves from their own check books.

Wielding the Sword of Truth

There is that famous saying that â€Å"pen is mightier than sword†. A common interpretation to this statement goes like this: a pen is a better weapon, may it be for offense or defense, than any weapon for destruction. But another interpretation is also apt for the statement: the pen of the writer, and the output it produces, shall be able to withstand any blow from any weapon, however destructive, that tries to destroy or repress the ideas it tries to share to the world.Throughout the world, through countries’ experiences of political turmoil and all the civil repression that comes along with most of it, time only seems to lend more and more credibility to this statement. â€Å"Didn’t you know that manuscripts don’t burn? † (Bulgakov, 1967), this is a much-quoted line from Mikhail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita. It was spoken by Satan (in the person of a foreign professor/magician named Woland) to The Master, a writer who burned his com pleted novel in an effort to keep the Soviet authorities from reading it.Being one of Bulgakov’s main theme in the novel, it highlights the important role of writers: observing and writing about the social situation, amidst all the threat of a repressive and controlling government, with the object of sharing to others what the writer has seen and not just putting it away, never to be read, out of fear of arrest or torture—to shed the light of freedom in the darkness of an unfree world. This theme was said to be based on Bulgakov’s personal experience of burning the early version of The Master and Margarita in fear of punishment from Soviet authorities.Thus it can be said that The Master has some autobiographical element from the author itself. The period when the novel was set corresponds to the time that Bulgakov wrote it: 1930’s, with the communist Bolsheviks reigning over all of Soviet Russia, and Stalin as the head of the said ruling party and of the country. This period was characterized by severe government control, not just on the economy, but on almost every move of the citizen of its country.And while in this time Russia is deemed to deliver good results, as it is considered as one of the superpowers of the world, internally, the system is mired with conflict and threat-and-control-subjected citizens. Those people who challenge the status quo and the government’s way of running the country are immediately taken into custody and sent to psikhushka where they are to be imprisoned as to stop them from â€Å"polluting† other people’s minds. Thus, to avoid imprisonment and torture, several writers, Bulgakov included, chose to destroy their deviant literary works.However, in writing the second draft of the novel, and with it having the abovementioned theme, it seems that Bulgakov has realized the futility and repugnancy of destroying one’s own work in favor of a trouble-free existence. This is reflecte d in the much-quoted line and in Woland’s returning of The Master’s burned novel. The scene and the theme corresponding to it signify the author’s revised stand that a person whose eyes had been opened and exposed to the truth has then the responsibility of spreading this truth to the society, no matter how much that person is to be oppressed.That person has to have the courage to bump through the walls that the oppressors build before them because he/she has been entrusted with a great responsibility. It is cowardly for that person to deny the world of his/her knowledge since with it; the person denies the world the chance to know what they ought to know. At the same time it is cowardly, destroying one’s own truth-revealing work is also futile since even though the output has been destroyed, thus removing any implicating physical evidence of deviance, the idea is still on the person’s, and perhaps of other people’s minds.Bulkagov, upon maki ng the statement about the futility of manuscript burning, sends a hopeful and encouraging message, most especially to writers to shed their fears and rally for truth even amidst the threat of retribution from the authorities who seek to repress the truth by repressing the writers’ and the people’s ideas. Knowing the truth, it is said, is a privilege of everybody. Therefore, those who have initially been exposed to it have to extend this privilege to others—the truth becomes their responsibility.And since this world of ours there are people who try to deny this privilege to persons other than themselves—those autocrats who usually believe that common people deserve to know only what they choose to divulge, however small a peek to the whole picture it is—the truth-knowing person, in this case, the writer needs to whip out his pen and use it as the weapon that shall thwart the repression of truth. True, the pen is mightier than the sword. But the pen is only as strong as the courage and nerve of the writer that wields it.By the bye, a pen is only a pen; a written paper is still only a paper; easily destroyed by fire or any other means, but the idea and observation of a writer, or any person for that matter, remains his/hers alone—irrepressible, and once acknowledged, indestructible by any controlling authority. Unless the writer sharpens his/her pen with courage for the revelation of truth, however sad to say, in that case, the pen shall forever lose to the swing, no, even from the mere presence of the sword of repression.

America s Beer And Alcoholic Beverages - 1770 Words

Americans love their beer and alcoholic beverages. Alcohol tax was even a catalyst in creating this country by encouraging early Americans to fight for independence. Beer has been a common thread in our society for the past 200 years that brings people together to socialize. As our country modernized in the late 1800’s, breweries were constructed in every part of the United States. And of those breweries, three survived prohibition and raced to take their claim on the country’s market share. Our country was carved up by three large beer companies; Miller was popular in the North, Budweiser was popular in the South, and Coors was the choice in the Midwest and West. Adolph Coors was an American success story and the company he†¦show more content†¦In the 1940’s, the brewery introduced their line of premium beer calling it â€Å"Banquet Coors†, or as we know that brand today as Coors. Coors became the beer for many famous actors and politician s, which gave that brand prestige. The company took advantage of that prestige and centered their marketing campaign on average Joes drinking the preferred beer of presidents and actors. I will argue later in this analysis on how the brewery’s loyalty to this premium brand of beer decreased market share in the 1980’s. In the 1960’s, Coors profited by being one of the first beer companies to market their aluminum cans. This was very important for Coors because of their production process. They were the only large beer company that didn’t pasteurize their beer. This required them to get innovative with their delivery process. The beer industry was very saturated with competitors and Coors found their cash cow with their Banquet brand. However, in order to provide that unique taste their product was required to age longer and because they skipped the pasteurization process their product had to be shipped cold. I argue that if not for the innovative process of aluminum cans, Coors would not have enjoyed the success they did in 1960’s and early 1970’s. This was the peak of their innovative culture in the company. Their opportunities then were how to decrease carrying and delivery costs due to their unique brewing process and market aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Beer Wars Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesTHE BEER WARS DOCUMENTARY On April 17th, 2009, the much-awaited documentary, Beer Wars Documentary, was shown in many cinemas across the United States. It’s a documentary that discusses the grassroots efforts of the craft beer industry having been filmed similar to a Michael Moore style documentary. It is a self-styled documentary by filmmaker Anat Baron portraying the beer industry in America from the vantage of small artisanal brewers and specialty beer producers. During the 30 days preceding theRead MoreCase Study : Brisbane Brewing Company1485 Words   |  6 Pagesbe producing non-alcoholic drinks for the age group 15-35 and alcoholic drinks for the ages 18-25. The reason for this approach is to meet statutory regulations and to make sure that there is no alcohol consumption by the underage. We also believe that by limiting the age of an adult to whom our alcoholic drinks can be sold will help up solve the drinking menace that affects many families. Opportunities The craft beer segment has grown has been on a steady rise since the late 70’s and has never lostRead MoreLove Cork Screw Llc ( Lcs )1630 Words   |  7 PagesLove Cork Screw LLC (LCS) is a small, fairly new wine distilled beverages wholesaler based in Las Vegas, Nevada. The product line includes varieties that offer the sophisticated and novice wine enthusiasts a range of choices for any palate. Each sleek wine bottle is colorful, whimsical and fun. Additionally, LCS offers 2 types of Scented Candles, each with a unique name and the â€Å"Lampley† Cigar, a high end Dominican cigar that serves as the perfect complement to have a full â€Å"Love Cork Screw†Read MoreThe Temperance Movement Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pages1900’s. â€Å"’We Sang Rock of Ages‘: Frances Willard Battles Alcohol in the late 19th Century† (Willard). The author the of literary piece is Frances Willard and the literary piece is an autobiography. America shoul d get rid of alcohol because it ruins lives along with the family of that person who is an alcoholic. 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Gender Roles in Latin American Societies Essay examples

Gender Roles in Latin American Societies The idea that a woman’s job is to be a wife and mother is old-fashioned, but not completely out of style. Though these roles require a great deal of talent, resilience, patience, love, and strength, to name a few, they are often underestimated or depicted as simple. Especially in modern times, many women in the United States who stay home to raise a family are viewed as anti-feminists, whereas women in Latin America are not criticized for similar actions. In recent decades, more Latin American women have started to break the mold, daring to be both sexy, and successful in the workforce, while remaining pillars of domestic life. Latin American society places a great deal of importance on the†¦show more content†¦Roman Catholicism has inadvertently played a major role in keeping Latinas at home through emphasis on purity by worship of the Virgin Mary and doctrine against contraception. Though all American women share the same oppressed roots, Latin American women seem to have been slower to actively and as a group rise up against society’s expectations of them. Regarding females in the workplace, the common opinion across the American continent used to be that by working outside the home, women were abandoning their primary job in life—that of a mother and wife, taking care of the house and the family. In modern times, Latinas take on multiple roles; not only are they still expected to look put together and run the family and the household—for most Latinas in the US, without any outside help—, but many are also breadwinners, some by choice and others by default. The decision made by many Latinas to work has already changed society due to growing feelings of self-empowerment. This newly discovered power is reflected in the increased use of contraceptives by Latin American women. Despite the Roman Catholic teachings, Latinas have taken matters into their own hands by using birth control to decrease the size of their families and lessen their burden, thus allowing them to fulfill their multidimensional desires and duties. A major way inShow MoreRelatedManifestation of Latin-American Gender Roles in American Media1220 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Manifestation of Latin Gender Roles in American Media Objective The objective of this study is to examine the manifestation of Latin gender roles in American Media. Towards this end, this study will examine the literature in this area of inquiry. Introduction Gender roles are reported to be generally defined as sex-based categories that specify appropriate rules of conduct for males and females in a particular culture or society. Although grounded in biological differences between males andRead MoreGender Inequality And The Women Of Latin American Countries Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationship between the gender roles reflected in telenovelas and the the role of women in Latin American countries is a matter of parallelism. This is because as Judith Butler, the author of the book Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, emphasized that it is â€Å"impossible to separate out ‘gender’ from the political and cultural intersections in which it is invariably produced and maintained†. Gender is undeniably socially constructed, and is a product of the values deemedRead MoreAnalysis Of Chronicle Of A Death Foretold1412 Words   |  6 Pagesup for yourself or others, make your own decisions, and havin g an important role in society. It is the sole characteristic that differentiates men from women in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Despite the few instances where women are placed in positions of power, Gabriel Garcia Marquez effectively proves that women are depicted as powerless through the use of machismo throughout the story, integrating Colombian gender roles into the novella and causing women to face many more challenges compared toRead MoreAnalysis Of Chronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Marquez1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthe novel to illustrate the role of women within a Latin American society; the cultural and symbolic implications of this associate flowers with purity, victimization, gender barriers, and deceit. In doing so, Marquez creates a microcosm of Latin America, exposing the core of Columbian culture and society with all its aspects such as ethnicity, and social norms and conventions that led to a series of insecurities and poverty in the community, and its affe ct on the role of women. The cultural contextRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1325 Words   |  6 Pages Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Emily Quinn Candidate Number: Works in Translation 35 B2 Ms. Prestash April 9, 2015 Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold The representation and portrayal of women in the novelRead MoreAnalysis Of Chronicle Of A Death Foretold969 Words   |  4 Pages The Role of Women in Expressing and Critiquing Latin American Culture in â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† 10 February 2017 Word count: 1499 The characterization of females within Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s â€Å"Chronicles of a Death Foretold† brings to light the ways through which machismo is established and maintained within the novel’s Latin American culture. Such characters bring to light women s exploitation under the influence of this patriarchy, as well as the many ways in which theyRead MoreThe Butterflies, By Latin American Women And Maria, Full Of Grace1128 Words   |  5 Pages In Malinche to In The Time of the Butterflies, all written by Latin American women and Maria, Full of Grace directed Joshua Marston, the women struggle with survival in various circumstances of abuse.Violence is created within patriarchal societies that sponsor inactiveness and reliance. Customary religious sophistication, where the Virgin Mary mentors, is unsure and slanted, discouraging sex and depreciatingwomen who boycott the recognized standards. Patriarchal pugnaciousness has grave psychologicalRead MoreWhat Has Westernisation Influenced Perceptions Of Motherhood Within Latin American Society?974 Words   |  4 Pageswithin Latin American society? Introduce topic Chapter 1: Maternal love and Womanhood: to what extent is Motherhood the product of socially constructed norms and what are the means of the construction of the maternal figure? Motherhood as a social construct in general: Since the beginning of time, motherhood has been seen as synonymous with womanhood and the female experience. The female body has set out women’s role as one of child-rearing and constricted them to a biologically defined role. ItRead More The Meaning of Marianismo in Mexico Essay676 Words   |  3 PagesThe Meaning of Marianismo in Mexico Marianismo is the stereotyped gender role of females in Mexican society. To fully understand the meaning of Marianismo we must first understand Machismo, explore their origin (the conquest of Mexico by Hernan Cortes) and discuss how Marianismo has changed in the recent past. These gender roles are the direct consequence of the Spanish influence from the time that Spain conquered Mexico. When Hernan Cortes and the conquistadors came to christianize theRead MoreWaves of Feminisms in Relation to the Female Characters of the House of the Spirits1589 Words   |  7 Pagesthe novel was to diminish the gender inequality between men and women. Through her female characters Clara, Blanca, and Alba, Allende showcases the gradual rise of women in Latin American society. She incorporates political and societal aspects to emphasize women’s empowerment throughout the novel. Clara, Blanca, and Alba each individually represent the three waves of Feminism that gradually gave women the power to lessen the gender hierarchy present in their society. The first wave of Feminism

The Stranger Essay - 1048 Words

Albert Camus influential novel, The Stranger, a great work of existentialism, examines the absurdity of life and indifference of the world. This paper provides a summary of the novel, and outlines some of the novels main themes. The novels protagoinist, Meursault, is a distanced and indifferent young man. He does not believe in God, and lives his life with seemingly sensuous abandon. After Meursault is caught up in the life of a local pimp, he rather inexplicably murders a young man on the beach, and is put on trial. In a ridiculous and seemingly arbitrary trial, he is essentially tried and found guilty for failing to adhere to societys beliefs and morals. It is during this trial that Meursault comes to terms with the absurdity†¦show more content†¦There he meets Marie Cardona, who he frolics with in the water. Later, although Marie is somewhat disturbed at the death of Meursaults mother, she agrees to see a comedy with him that evening. The next morning, Meursault en joys lunch on the balcony, and amuses himself by watching people pass by. On Monday, Meursault goes to work. He joins his friend Emmanuel for lunch, takes a nap and returns to work. After work to runs into his neighbor Salamano and his dog. He also encounters Raymond, who is rumored to be a pimp, and they discuss Raymonds cheating girlfriend, and his conflict with an Arab. The rest of the week continues in the same manner, with Meursault attending the movies with Emmanuel, and a swimming with Marie. They play in the water again, and she asks him if he loves her, to which he replies that it didnt mean anything but that I didnt think so (p. 38). They are interrupted by the loud noises from a fight between Raymond and his girlfriend. Salamano notes that he has lost his dog, and cries with grief. Meursault receives a phone call from Raymond work, that notes is continuing conflict with the Arabs. In the evening, Marie asks Meursault if you will marry her, even though he notes that he does not love her. Later, Marie and Meursault need to Raymonds and his friend on the beach. They encounter to Arabs, a fight begins, and Raymond is slightly hurt. Later in the evening, Meursault encountersShow MoreRelatedThe Stranger1548 Words   |  7 PagesAlbert Camus creates a series of characters in The Stranger whose personality traits and motivations mirror those that are overlooked by the average man. Camus develops various characters and scenarios that are considered rude and unpleasant, but because it has become common, society accepts it as norms. Camus incorporates atrocious personality traits of the characters, variety, consistency, and everyone’s fate through the creation of the characters. Camus demonstrates the disregarded reason behindRead MoreStranger2325 Words   |  10 PagesDiscussion Questions for The Stranger (1946); translated by Matthew Ward, 1988. Part One Chapter 1. 1. How does Camus set up Meursaults personality -- how does Meursault respond to others conversation, to ordinary social situations, and to the death of his mother? 2. On page 10, Meursault says that at the viewing of his mother, he felt as if the elderly people there were judging him. Offer a conjecture about why he might have had that feeling. (It is worth paying attention to such references toRead More The Stranger Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stranger The Stranger exhibits a society that has confined itself with a specific set of social standards that dictate the manner in which people are supposed to act. This ideology determines the level of morality, and how much emphasis should placed on following this certain ethical structure. Albert Camuss main character, Meursault, is depicted as a nonconformist that is unwilling to play societys game. Through Meursaults failure to comply with societys values and conform toRead MoreMetamorphosis And The Stranger1288 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence. The Metamorphosis, written by Kafka in 1915, follows a traveling salesman who struggles with his purpose in life. Similar to that story, Camus’s The Stranger, published in 1942, details the unnecessary undoing of an Algerian man who follows his own morals, not society’s morals. Within Kafka s The Metamorphosis and Camus s The Stranger, the characters isolation in society, illogical thoughts without real reasoning, and freedom to choose reflect the concept of Existentialism by illustratingRead MoreExistentialism In The Stranger1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel, The Stranger, written by French author Albert Camus, is a philosophical fiction piece published in 1942. This book used both Existentialism and Absurdism to promote Meursault s problem throughout the book. Both of these are related to Modernism, which was the aftermath of the industrial revolution. â€Å"Modernism is a phil osophical movement that along with cultural trends and changes arose wide-scale and far reaching transformations in western society during the late 19th and early 20th century†(KoofersRead MoreEssay The Stranger754 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Albert Camus’ The Stranger, is told by narrarator, Meursault . Our speaker seems to be a person detached from feelings, he shows no emotion. Neither the external world in which Meursault lives nor the internal world of his thoughts and attitudes possesses any rational order. He doesn’t have reasons for doing half of the things he does. For these reasons I believe Meursault is determined, but doesn’t know it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Our protagonist and narraratorRead More The Stranger Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stranger The Stranger was originally written in French. When Stuart Gilbert translated the novel, he came across a small problem. â€Å"The title of Camus’ classic novel is difficult to render into English because the French word bears the connotations of both ‘stranger’ and ‘foreigner’ at the same time, and each of these concepts is at play in the novel.† (Mairowitz1) Finding the right translation was crucial because the title is symbolic. â€Å"The Stranger symbolizes the theme of theRead More The Stranger Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Camus creates a series of characters in The Stranger whose personality traits and motivations mirror those that are overlooked upon by the average man. Camus develops various characters and scenarios that show true humanity which tends to have been ignored due to the fact of how typical it has become. Camus incorporates abominable personality traits of the characters, variety, consistency, and every one’s fate. Camus demonstrates the disregarded reason behind the origins of relationships betweenRead MoreThe Stranger Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stranger Chris Drusbosky 3/5/12 Professor Krauss In the story â€Å"The Stranger† by Albert Camus, the belief that the themes of loss and retrieval are at the core of Mersault’s mythology, and that they illumine the notion of exile to which he returns so often is widely discussed. I however do not believe that either one of those themes has anything to do with the Mersault and the exile to which he returns to so often, rather I believe that Mersault’s own attitude is the reason for the exileRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Stranger 1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe Characterization of Meursault in The Stranger In The Stranger, the author Albert Camus, initially portrays Meursault as a monotonous character lacking emotions toward the events surrounding his life. Meursault reflects indifference at the thought of his girlfriend s proposal in addition to not demonstrating empathy in relation to Raymond s abusive actions toward his girlfriend. Even so, Meursault s character gradually develops from a detached individual to a dynamic person as secondary characters

Communication Personal Skill In Social Work -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Communication Personal Skill In Social Work? Answer: Introducation setting. Along with the technical knowledge, a professional requires knowledge of interpersonal skills to grow in an organization quickly. The business communication skills refer to the communication proficiency in the workplace setting. It makes it different to the regular communication as it requires high degree of professionalism and diplomacy. Along with it, there are also several professional etiquettes which are needed to be learnt by the professionals. In the present times of high competitiveness, it is important to learn these skills. The communication skills are also essential in the development of the leadership skills (Angour, 2012). Therefore, in this module, business communication skills are developed by the exercise of self-assessment and reflection. In order to identify the shortcomings in the business communication, I have taken several tests such a Johari Window, self-assertiveness test, communication style test, and leadership communication test. The Johari window test helps an individual in understanding their relationship with self as well as with other people. It is a self-help and heuristic exercise, which can be used for the development of an individual. Similarly, the assertiveness test evaluates the assertiveness capability of a person. The assertiveness is the capability of a person to communicate and formulate thoughts and present it to other people in a clear and direct manner. It is important to acknowledge that there is a thin line between presenting thoughts in a strong manner as well as being aggressive. The communication style test is another test which examines the style of communicating of different people. It is important to understand that every person has different style of communicating. Taking this test can help an individual in enhancing his communication style. Every individual has a specific manner of communicating, some people are good in listening, and some people are good in thinking, while some pe ople are good in speaking (Cocks, Moulton, Luu, Cil, 2014). This test is beneficial in self-improvement. Other than that, leadership communication test examines the leadership skills of a person. The results of these test results have revealed that I lack leadership skills and the persuasive skills in my professional communication. The test results of the assertiveness have revealed that I lack leadership skills. It has been identified that I am accommodating and gives priority to the choice of others. However, in this process, I tend to ignore my own personal desire and needs. In the business and the professional setting, it is important to present oneself, to others. In the business meetings, I come across several ideas and suggestions; however, I am unable to present these ideas due to lack of communication skills. A skilled professional is capable of handling the communication in an animated manner, which sparkles excitement in others. However, I lack these persuasion and communication skills (De Vries. Bakker-Pieper Oostenveld, 2010). It makes the workplace environment challenging. The persuasion is also an essential characteristic, which refers to the capability of inf luencing the ideas and suggestions of other people. A leader should be able to influence the ideas and the perception of others, to motivate them to work towards a common goal. However, in the personal perception, my communication capabilities are quite limited. In the class, I participated in several personality and self-retrospection tests. The results of these tests aligned with the personal perception of lack of persuasion and the leadership skills. Findings of Communication Test In the class exercise, I took part in several communication tests. The communication diagnosis also raised my self-awareness and developed my strengths and weaknesses related to the communication style. I participated in several rests which yield similar results and the overall consensus from the results of the test is that I lacked leadership and persuasion skills. The Johari window test results reflected that I have good analytical skills. I also possess reflective habit, which helps me in understanding different challenging situations. With my Johari window test, I understood that due to my analytical skills, I rely more on the statistical data and facts. The test results also showed that my confidence skills and assertiveness skills are quite lacking. Moreover, I am also a people pleaser and focus on understanding the needs and the desires of others rather than on focusing on my own. The assertiveness test revealed that I lack assertiveness capabilities. I cannot express my viewp oints in a strong and concise manner. It is also important that I focus on presenting my expectations and viewpoints in a strong manner (Fearn-Banks, 2016). It is important that these viewpoints are presented in a strong manner; however, the person should be polite and should not hurt the sentiments of other people. The test results in the assertiveness test also revealed that I am highly indecisive and afraid of taking risks. It considers all the positive and negative aspects of the situation before taking a decision. Although being a positive quality, it is important to consider the timeline before taking a decision. I am also very indecisive which presents me as a confused person. The test highlighted that I have critical thinking skills and intelligent while perceiving the emotions of others. The focus of my personality is on the critical thinking abilities and taking the right and the most optimal decision (Gardner Milne, Stringer Whiting, 2005). However, in this process, I make excessive delays which creates a negative presentation of my personality. Another significant aspect of my personality is the lack of leadership skills. The lack in the communication skills has also affected my leadership skills. The leadership is the characteristic to modify the perception and the belief of the followers. Therefore, creating influence on the followers require strong communication skills. Several other factors such as the lack of confidence and the indecisiveness has also negatively influenced my leadership skills. Analysis of Recent Professional Encounters The business communication skills are essential part in the professional growth of the people. The employees who possess good communication skills have advantage in their professional lives. The business communication skills comprises of the written and the verbal communication skills. A skilled and well-behaved professional should have professional etiquettes and should possess the capability to present themselves to several different people (Hartman McCambridge, 2011). It is a critical competency factor which can distinguish an employee from his peers. It can be perceived that due to the lack of the professional skills, I am not able to present myself in a proper manner. Being an engineer, I encounter a high degree of competition from my peers. I understand that it is important to distinguish myself from my peers to obtain recognition from my seniors (Henderson Mathew Byrne, 2016). However, due to lack of communication capabilities, I have not obtained the due recognition. In the last year, a get-together was organized for my peers and colleagues. The office parties and functions are great opportunities to build network and connect with the senior employees. However, due to the inefficiency in the professional communication, I was not able to communicate with my seniors in a proper manner and leave a strong impression on them. I analysed that in the meeting, I only gave adequate responses to the senior employees. I had a difficulty in presenting my views to the experienced professionals. Due to this inability, I lost the opportunity to leave a strong impression on my seniors. In the same essence, there was another case, wherein I have to give a PowerPoint presentation to the senior employees of the company. The presentation was about an innovative engineering idea which can reduce the cost to the company by several extent. However, I was unable to pitch the idea to the lack of the convincing power. Although it was an innovative idea, and my immediate manager appreciated it; however, the major investors seemed less convinced (Koprowska, 2014). In this encounter, I realized that the lack of convincing power has resulted in the loss of a recognition opportunity. The managers were also not convinced about the full execution of the innovative idea and its financial viability. It can be summarized that the business communication skills are an integral part of the professional growth of a professional. It is important that a professional has adequate business communication skills (Kreuger, 2008). I used several business communication tools to analyse the weakness in the professional communication. Two weaknesses, namely, lack of persuasion skills as well as lack of leadership skills have been identified in the communication skills assessment. Literature Review The present literature review will present the views of the eminent authors regarding the leadership and the persuasion skills of an individual. It can be critiqued that it is important for an individual to acquire business communication skills. In the views of Kuhnke (2013) skills should be validated in both verbal as well as written skills of a professional. Business communication skills are also essential for an organization to achieve its goals. Therefore, a large number of business organization also conduct training and development for the growth of professional communication skills of an individual. The business communication skills are also important in the execution of different business operations and the value chain activities of an individual. In the perspective of Leutenberg, Liptak, Brodsky (2008), the business communication is an important dimension of the personality which affects different aspects of an individuals life. However, the primal importance of the business communication skills are in the professional world. It is important that to establish strong, positive relationship with the customers as well as the suppliers. In the views of Marinho, Mesquita de Medeiros, Gama Teixeira (2017) the communication and leadership capabilities are essential in the professional development aspect of san individual. Due to its high importance, most of the companies have made strong communication and leadership skills as a mandatory requirement. The communication skills include several different skills such as listening capabilities, writing skills, verbal skills, presentation, negotiation, and team work skills. The quality of a professional communicator is that he incorporates all these aspects in his communication or conversation. The listening skills are also an important aspect of the professional communication. It is the ability of a person to incorporate the views of others embrace conflicting viewpoints. An individual should be able to consider the audience as an individual partner and he should focus on finding the solution to a specific problem rather than taking the lead in a conversation. According to McKay, Davis, Fanning (2009) the persuasion skills is the ability of an individual to negotiate with others and convince them about a certain action. Most of the professional communication takes place over a mail and requires that an individual to have adequate convincing power in written communication. With the current digitalization and internet mediums, business communication also takes place in blogs and social media. In these mediums, the communicator should be able to convince the customers to buy the products or avail the services. It can be critiqued as per the views of Koprowska (2014) that the digital mediums have entered inside the private lives of the people and assisted the organizations in building the online reputation of the organization. It is important to develop effective business communication skills which is required in the social media. The online communication is quite different from other modes of communication and requires different tone and the message content. Therefore, clear differentiation should be made between different modes of communication and the choice of words and tone should be selected appropriately. In the views of Vangelisti (2016) the leadership skills are essential for the employees in presenting their thoughts, opinions and approaches in an effective manner. The verbal skills are required for representing oneself confidently in a group. It is also important in arriving at a mutually agreeable status. The confidence and the persuasion skills are also essential in building trust and strong relationships with different stakeholders in a professional setting. The interpersonal skills are essential in developing common goals for the organization, developing empathy, relation, bonds and achieving common targets. It assist an individual in developing personal relations and empathy, which are important in the professional world. As per the views of Gimenez (2000) the leadership and the persuasion skills are also essential in developing the teamwork capabilities of the organization. In a business organization, there are several different teams which work together a common goal. In this situation, these teams can have several different conflicting views and business issues may arise in the work. In an organization setting, several people from different cultural backgrounds arrive and work together. According to the perception of Guffey Loewy (2015) good leader should be able to work alongside people of different cultures and backgrounds. It is important to accommodate the desires and the needs of different people for being able to become a good leader. A good leader should be able to develop a strong team, wherein different team members are able to communicate with each other regarding different tasks and opinions. It is important for the leaders to understand that the combined efforts of the team and essenti al and more important than the individual contribution of the employees. In the views of Locker (2011), good leadership and persuasion skills of the employees are essential in internal as well as the external communication of the employees. Today, most of the business organizations have also acknowledged the importance of the business communication and have implemented systems and strategies to develop in a professional communication skills in the workplace. The organizations are trying to develop the training and the development facility for the employees for enhancing the communication or the soft skills of the employees. The training can enhance the transmission of information within the workplace which can impact on the overall organization efficiency. The business organizations have also developed the standardized procedures so that the communication between suppliers and the customers can be controlled and executed in a proper manner. According to Means (2009), it is important to acknowledge that the persuasion and the leadership skills are also essential in the effective execution of the business operations. It is also important in exchanging information, executing different plans, developing organization policies. These approaches can assist the business organizations in building strong business relations and tie-ups with the employees. According to Larson Larson (2012) the persuasion skills are important aspect in the professional growth of the people. In several instances, an employee needs to persuade his seniors or the customers. There are several benefits of the persuasion skills which can be fine-tuned with several methods. Firstly, it is important to find a common round or human connection with the other person. The symbol of being connected can build trust and increase the convincing power of the person. Persistence is also important in persuading others for a specific cause. It is also important that the other person to remain ready for an argument if the other person do not agree with the situation. The body language is also an important aspect in the influencing the viewpoint of other people. Moreover, confidence is very essential in the persuasion skills. If a person will show confidence in himself, other people will also show confidence in him. In the views of Shi (2017), the professional world, leadership skills are very essential. In order to improve the leadership skills, an individual should self-analyse the leadership qualities. The leadership development can enhance the employee engagement and productivity at the workplace. Developing leadership qualities can result in easy transition to the future leadership roles of the organization. The foremost thing in the leadership role is enhancing the networking capabilities of the employees. The networking skills are essential in the individual growth and the business development of the organization. The networking skills are essential in forging powerful connections, initiating conversation with strangers and enhancing the overall confidence of the person. Networking is also beneficial in enhancing the overall reputation of the organization. An employee should carry himself positively to achieve the intended target. Another important method for the leadership development is the mentor-mentee relationship. It is an easy and effective method in developing the leadership qualities of the employees and advance their personal skills. It is an easy method to develop the leadership skills from the employer. With the help of mentorship program, the employees can hone their skills and develop more professional employees. Although mentorship is beneficial for the new hires, it is also efficient cross-training tool for the current employees. In the cross-training, the employees learn about new skills of their colleagues which can develop them professionally. The leadership roles can enhance the organization success, improving the team performance and enhancing the efficiency of the employees. The cross-training skill of the employees can also enhance the motivation of the employees which boosts their confidence. According to Bishop (2006) feedback loop is also important in developing the leadership skills of the employees. The feedback loop measures the performance of the employees in the workplace and provide recommendations to them to develop their future productivity. It is important that there is continuous communication between the employer and the employees. It is necessary that there is effective communication in the workplace wherein the employees meet regularly in an informal, one-to-one meet. These meetings will assist the employees to develop and design the plans for the future career growth. The leadership can be developed by determining individual goals and identifying the opportunities for the career goals. Another significant method is learning by example. In order to develop the leadership skills, an employee can follow a specific leader and follow his characteristics. There are different leadership styles, such as transformation leadership, transactional leadership or author itative leadership. An individual adopt a specific leadership style as per the situation and convenience. Following a specific leader can enhance the leadership style of an individual. Action Plan The action plan outlines different steps and strategies which can be used to address a specific issue or problem. In the present case, two major communication issues have been identified. An action plan has been constructed so that these business communication challenges can be addressed. In the present case, it can be critiqued that the communication skills of a professional are never perfect and it is desirable to constantly hone or sharpen them. As a result, several strategies and improvement methods have been used to develop the professional communication skills. The action plan can be defined as the series of actions or strategies which are targeted to eradicate a particular issue. The action plan is focused on the lack of assertiveness and the leadership skills. The present action plan is focussed on enhancing these skills over a period of two months. Assertiveness refers to the ability of a person to express his feelings in a free manner. It is the process of giving equal importance to the needs and the rights of every individual. The assertiveness is the process of realizing the needs and desires of an individual in a proper manner. The assertiveness is the process of presenting the viewpoints in a strong manner. There are several methods such as role-playing, group discussions, professional training, and personal coaching which can enhance the assertiveness of a person. In assertiveness, a person expresses his feelings in an efficient manner without any inhibitions. Activities Impact Group discussions and Debates Taking part in group discussion or debates can enhance the confidence level, which will increase the proficiency of the person Professional train The professional training will increase the confidence of a person in workplace Personal Coaching Mentor or one-to-one coaching is an effective manner in which assertiveness or persuasion skills can be transferred through performance feedback The leadership skills is the ability of a person to influence the perception of other people. It is the responsibility of the leader to envision a dream and motivate others to achieve it as a combined goal. The leadership is considered as an important quality of the professionals or the managers. In the development of the leadership skills, self-actualization and public speaking has a positive effect. The confidence development is also an essential part of the leadership skills of an individual. The leader should also demonstrate positive attitude and proficiency in persuasion and assertiveness skills. Action Timeline Debates voluntary work and activities involving public interaction Reading leadership development books Enhancing the leadership skills by providing examples, strategies and leadership styles Action plan Activities 1st month 2rd month 3rd, 4th month 5th-6th month University courses on leadership development Reading leadership books Self-reflection Journal Mentoring by experienced professionals Evaluation of the action plan References Angour, J. (2012). Managing disagreement in problem solving meeting talk. Journal of Pragmatics, 44, 1565-1579. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.06.010 Bishop, S. (2006). Develop Your Assertiveness. Kogan Page Publishers. Cocks, M., Moulton, C. A. Luu, S., Cil, T. (2014). What surgeons can learn from athletes: mental practice in sports and surgery. Journal of Surgical Education, 71(2), 262269. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.07.002 De Vries. R. E., Bakker-Pieper, A., Oostenveld, W. (2010). Leadership = Communication? The relations of leaders communication styles with leadership styles, knowledge sharing and leadership outcomes. Journal of Business Psychology, 25(3), 367-380. doi: 10.1007/s10869-009-9140-2 Fearn-Banks, K. (2016).Crisis communications: A casebook approach. Routledge (page 9) Gardner C. T, Milne, M. J., Stringer C. P., Whiting, R. H. (2005). Oral and written communication apprehension in accounting students: curriculum impacts and impacts on academic performance. International Journal of Accounting Education, 14(3), 313336. doi: 10.1080=0693928050007726 Gimenez, J.C. (2000). Business e-mail communication: some emerging tendencies in register. English for Specific Purposes 19. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2015). Essentials of Business Communication. Cengage Learning. Hartman, J. L., McCambridge, J. (2011). Optimizing millennials communication styles. 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