Gender Roles in Latin American Societies Essay examples

Gender Roles in Latin American Societies The idea that a woman’s job is to be a wife and mother is old-fashioned, but not completely out of style. Though these roles require a great deal of talent, resilience, patience, love, and strength, to name a few, they are often underestimated or depicted as simple. Especially in modern times, many women in the United States who stay home to raise a family are viewed as anti-feminists, whereas women in Latin America are not criticized for similar actions. In recent decades, more Latin American women have started to break the mold, daring to be both sexy, and successful in the workforce, while remaining pillars of domestic life. Latin American society places a great deal of importance on the†¦show more content†¦Roman Catholicism has inadvertently played a major role in keeping Latinas at home through emphasis on purity by worship of the Virgin Mary and doctrine against contraception. Though all American women share the same oppressed roots, Latin American women seem to have been slower to actively and as a group rise up against society’s expectations of them. Regarding females in the workplace, the common opinion across the American continent used to be that by working outside the home, women were abandoning their primary job in life—that of a mother and wife, taking care of the house and the family. In modern times, Latinas take on multiple roles; not only are they still expected to look put together and run the family and the household—for most Latinas in the US, without any outside help—, but many are also breadwinners, some by choice and others by default. The decision made by many Latinas to work has already changed society due to growing feelings of self-empowerment. This newly discovered power is reflected in the increased use of contraceptives by Latin American women. Despite the Roman Catholic teachings, Latinas have taken matters into their own hands by using birth control to decrease the size of their families and lessen their burden, thus allowing them to fulfill their multidimensional desires and duties. A major way inShow MoreRelatedManifestation of Latin-American Gender Roles in American Media1220 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Manifestation of Latin Gender Roles in American Media Objective The objective of this study is to examine the manifestation of Latin gender roles in American Media. Towards this end, this study will examine the literature in this area of inquiry. Introduction Gender roles are reported to be generally defined as sex-based categories that specify appropriate rules of conduct for males and females in a particular culture or society. Although grounded in biological differences between males andRead MoreGender Inequality And The Women Of Latin American Countries Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationship between the gender roles reflected in telenovelas and the the role of women in Latin American countries is a matter of parallelism. This is because as Judith Butler, the author of the book Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, emphasized that it is â€Å"impossible to separate out ‘gender’ from the political and cultural intersections in which it is invariably produced and maintained†. Gender is undeniably socially constructed, and is a product of the values deemedRead MoreAnalysis Of Chronicle Of A Death Foretold1412 Words   |  6 Pagesup for yourself or others, make your own decisions, and havin g an important role in society. It is the sole characteristic that differentiates men from women in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Despite the few instances where women are placed in positions of power, Gabriel Garcia Marquez effectively proves that women are depicted as powerless through the use of machismo throughout the story, integrating Colombian gender roles into the novella and causing women to face many more challenges compared toRead MoreAnalysis Of Chronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Marquez1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthe novel to illustrate the role of women within a Latin American society; the cultural and symbolic implications of this associate flowers with purity, victimization, gender barriers, and deceit. In doing so, Marquez creates a microcosm of Latin America, exposing the core of Columbian culture and society with all its aspects such as ethnicity, and social norms and conventions that led to a series of insecurities and poverty in the community, and its affe ct on the role of women. The cultural contextRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1325 Words   |  6 Pages Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Emily Quinn Candidate Number: Works in Translation 35 B2 Ms. Prestash April 9, 2015 Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold The representation and portrayal of women in the novelRead MoreAnalysis Of Chronicle Of A Death Foretold969 Words   |  4 Pages The Role of Women in Expressing and Critiquing Latin American Culture in â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† 10 February 2017 Word count: 1499 The characterization of females within Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s â€Å"Chronicles of a Death Foretold† brings to light the ways through which machismo is established and maintained within the novel’s Latin American culture. Such characters bring to light women s exploitation under the influence of this patriarchy, as well as the many ways in which theyRead MoreThe Butterflies, By Latin American Women And Maria, Full Of Grace1128 Words   |  5 Pages In Malinche to In The Time of the Butterflies, all written by Latin American women and Maria, Full of Grace directed Joshua Marston, the women struggle with survival in various circumstances of abuse.Violence is created within patriarchal societies that sponsor inactiveness and reliance. Customary religious sophistication, where the Virgin Mary mentors, is unsure and slanted, discouraging sex and depreciatingwomen who boycott the recognized standards. Patriarchal pugnaciousness has grave psychologicalRead MoreWhat Has Westernisation Influenced Perceptions Of Motherhood Within Latin American Society?974 Words   |  4 Pageswithin Latin American society? Introduce topic Chapter 1: Maternal love and Womanhood: to what extent is Motherhood the product of socially constructed norms and what are the means of the construction of the maternal figure? Motherhood as a social construct in general: Since the beginning of time, motherhood has been seen as synonymous with womanhood and the female experience. The female body has set out women’s role as one of child-rearing and constricted them to a biologically defined role. ItRead More The Meaning of Marianismo in Mexico Essay676 Words   |  3 PagesThe Meaning of Marianismo in Mexico Marianismo is the stereotyped gender role of females in Mexican society. To fully understand the meaning of Marianismo we must first understand Machismo, explore their origin (the conquest of Mexico by Hernan Cortes) and discuss how Marianismo has changed in the recent past. These gender roles are the direct consequence of the Spanish influence from the time that Spain conquered Mexico. When Hernan Cortes and the conquistadors came to christianize theRead MoreWaves of Feminisms in Relation to the Female Characters of the House of the Spirits1589 Words   |  7 Pagesthe novel was to diminish the gender inequality between men and women. Through her female characters Clara, Blanca, and Alba, Allende showcases the gradual rise of women in Latin American society. She incorporates political and societal aspects to emphasize women’s empowerment throughout the novel. Clara, Blanca, and Alba each individually represent the three waves of Feminism that gradually gave women the power to lessen the gender hierarchy present in their society. The first wave of Feminism

The Stranger Essay - 1048 Words

Albert Camus influential novel, The Stranger, a great work of existentialism, examines the absurdity of life and indifference of the world. This paper provides a summary of the novel, and outlines some of the novels main themes. The novels protagoinist, Meursault, is a distanced and indifferent young man. He does not believe in God, and lives his life with seemingly sensuous abandon. After Meursault is caught up in the life of a local pimp, he rather inexplicably murders a young man on the beach, and is put on trial. In a ridiculous and seemingly arbitrary trial, he is essentially tried and found guilty for failing to adhere to societys beliefs and morals. It is during this trial that Meursault comes to terms with the absurdity†¦show more content†¦There he meets Marie Cardona, who he frolics with in the water. Later, although Marie is somewhat disturbed at the death of Meursaults mother, she agrees to see a comedy with him that evening. The next morning, Meursault en joys lunch on the balcony, and amuses himself by watching people pass by. On Monday, Meursault goes to work. He joins his friend Emmanuel for lunch, takes a nap and returns to work. After work to runs into his neighbor Salamano and his dog. He also encounters Raymond, who is rumored to be a pimp, and they discuss Raymonds cheating girlfriend, and his conflict with an Arab. The rest of the week continues in the same manner, with Meursault attending the movies with Emmanuel, and a swimming with Marie. They play in the water again, and she asks him if he loves her, to which he replies that it didnt mean anything but that I didnt think so (p. 38). They are interrupted by the loud noises from a fight between Raymond and his girlfriend. Salamano notes that he has lost his dog, and cries with grief. Meursault receives a phone call from Raymond work, that notes is continuing conflict with the Arabs. In the evening, Marie asks Meursault if you will marry her, even though he notes that he does not love her. Later, Marie and Meursault need to Raymonds and his friend on the beach. They encounter to Arabs, a fight begins, and Raymond is slightly hurt. Later in the evening, Meursault encountersShow MoreRelatedThe Stranger1548 Words   |  7 PagesAlbert Camus creates a series of characters in The Stranger whose personality traits and motivations mirror those that are overlooked by the average man. Camus develops various characters and scenarios that are considered rude and unpleasant, but because it has become common, society accepts it as norms. Camus incorporates atrocious personality traits of the characters, variety, consistency, and everyone’s fate through the creation of the characters. Camus demonstrates the disregarded reason behindRead MoreStranger2325 Words   |  10 PagesDiscussion Questions for The Stranger (1946); translated by Matthew Ward, 1988. Part One Chapter 1. 1. How does Camus set up Meursaults personality -- how does Meursault respond to others conversation, to ordinary social situations, and to the death of his mother? 2. On page 10, Meursault says that at the viewing of his mother, he felt as if the elderly people there were judging him. Offer a conjecture about why he might have had that feeling. (It is worth paying attention to such references toRead More The Stranger Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stranger The Stranger exhibits a society that has confined itself with a specific set of social standards that dictate the manner in which people are supposed to act. This ideology determines the level of morality, and how much emphasis should placed on following this certain ethical structure. Albert Camuss main character, Meursault, is depicted as a nonconformist that is unwilling to play societys game. Through Meursaults failure to comply with societys values and conform toRead MoreMetamorphosis And The Stranger1288 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence. The Metamorphosis, written by Kafka in 1915, follows a traveling salesman who struggles with his purpose in life. Similar to that story, Camus’s The Stranger, published in 1942, details the unnecessary undoing of an Algerian man who follows his own morals, not society’s morals. Within Kafka s The Metamorphosis and Camus s The Stranger, the characters isolation in society, illogical thoughts without real reasoning, and freedom to choose reflect the concept of Existentialism by illustratingRead MoreExistentialism In The Stranger1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel, The Stranger, written by French author Albert Camus, is a philosophical fiction piece published in 1942. This book used both Existentialism and Absurdism to promote Meursault s problem throughout the book. Both of these are related to Modernism, which was the aftermath of the industrial revolution. â€Å"Modernism is a phil osophical movement that along with cultural trends and changes arose wide-scale and far reaching transformations in western society during the late 19th and early 20th century†(KoofersRead MoreEssay The Stranger754 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Albert Camus’ The Stranger, is told by narrarator, Meursault . Our speaker seems to be a person detached from feelings, he shows no emotion. Neither the external world in which Meursault lives nor the internal world of his thoughts and attitudes possesses any rational order. He doesn’t have reasons for doing half of the things he does. For these reasons I believe Meursault is determined, but doesn’t know it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Our protagonist and narraratorRead More The Stranger Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stranger The Stranger was originally written in French. When Stuart Gilbert translated the novel, he came across a small problem. â€Å"The title of Camus’ classic novel is difficult to render into English because the French word bears the connotations of both ‘stranger’ and ‘foreigner’ at the same time, and each of these concepts is at play in the novel.† (Mairowitz1) Finding the right translation was crucial because the title is symbolic. â€Å"The Stranger symbolizes the theme of theRead More The Stranger Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Camus creates a series of characters in The Stranger whose personality traits and motivations mirror those that are overlooked upon by the average man. Camus develops various characters and scenarios that show true humanity which tends to have been ignored due to the fact of how typical it has become. Camus incorporates abominable personality traits of the characters, variety, consistency, and every one’s fate. Camus demonstrates the disregarded reason behind the origins of relationships betweenRead MoreThe Stranger Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stranger Chris Drusbosky 3/5/12 Professor Krauss In the story â€Å"The Stranger† by Albert Camus, the belief that the themes of loss and retrieval are at the core of Mersault’s mythology, and that they illumine the notion of exile to which he returns so often is widely discussed. I however do not believe that either one of those themes has anything to do with the Mersault and the exile to which he returns to so often, rather I believe that Mersault’s own attitude is the reason for the exileRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Stranger 1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe Characterization of Meursault in The Stranger In The Stranger, the author Albert Camus, initially portrays Meursault as a monotonous character lacking emotions toward the events surrounding his life. Meursault reflects indifference at the thought of his girlfriend s proposal in addition to not demonstrating empathy in relation to Raymond s abusive actions toward his girlfriend. Even so, Meursault s character gradually develops from a detached individual to a dynamic person as secondary characters

Communication Personal Skill In Social Work -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Communication Personal Skill In Social Work? Answer: Introducation setting. Along with the technical knowledge, a professional requires knowledge of interpersonal skills to grow in an organization quickly. The business communication skills refer to the communication proficiency in the workplace setting. It makes it different to the regular communication as it requires high degree of professionalism and diplomacy. Along with it, there are also several professional etiquettes which are needed to be learnt by the professionals. In the present times of high competitiveness, it is important to learn these skills. The communication skills are also essential in the development of the leadership skills (Angour, 2012). Therefore, in this module, business communication skills are developed by the exercise of self-assessment and reflection. In order to identify the shortcomings in the business communication, I have taken several tests such a Johari Window, self-assertiveness test, communication style test, and leadership communication test. The Johari window test helps an individual in understanding their relationship with self as well as with other people. It is a self-help and heuristic exercise, which can be used for the development of an individual. Similarly, the assertiveness test evaluates the assertiveness capability of a person. The assertiveness is the capability of a person to communicate and formulate thoughts and present it to other people in a clear and direct manner. It is important to acknowledge that there is a thin line between presenting thoughts in a strong manner as well as being aggressive. The communication style test is another test which examines the style of communicating of different people. It is important to understand that every person has different style of communicating. Taking this test can help an individual in enhancing his communication style. Every individual has a specific manner of communicating, some people are good in listening, and some people are good in thinking, while some pe ople are good in speaking (Cocks, Moulton, Luu, Cil, 2014). This test is beneficial in self-improvement. Other than that, leadership communication test examines the leadership skills of a person. The results of these test results have revealed that I lack leadership skills and the persuasive skills in my professional communication. The test results of the assertiveness have revealed that I lack leadership skills. It has been identified that I am accommodating and gives priority to the choice of others. However, in this process, I tend to ignore my own personal desire and needs. In the business and the professional setting, it is important to present oneself, to others. In the business meetings, I come across several ideas and suggestions; however, I am unable to present these ideas due to lack of communication skills. A skilled professional is capable of handling the communication in an animated manner, which sparkles excitement in others. However, I lack these persuasion and communication skills (De Vries. Bakker-Pieper Oostenveld, 2010). It makes the workplace environment challenging. The persuasion is also an essential characteristic, which refers to the capability of inf luencing the ideas and suggestions of other people. A leader should be able to influence the ideas and the perception of others, to motivate them to work towards a common goal. However, in the personal perception, my communication capabilities are quite limited. In the class, I participated in several personality and self-retrospection tests. The results of these tests aligned with the personal perception of lack of persuasion and the leadership skills. Findings of Communication Test In the class exercise, I took part in several communication tests. The communication diagnosis also raised my self-awareness and developed my strengths and weaknesses related to the communication style. I participated in several rests which yield similar results and the overall consensus from the results of the test is that I lacked leadership and persuasion skills. The Johari window test results reflected that I have good analytical skills. I also possess reflective habit, which helps me in understanding different challenging situations. With my Johari window test, I understood that due to my analytical skills, I rely more on the statistical data and facts. The test results also showed that my confidence skills and assertiveness skills are quite lacking. Moreover, I am also a people pleaser and focus on understanding the needs and the desires of others rather than on focusing on my own. The assertiveness test revealed that I lack assertiveness capabilities. I cannot express my viewp oints in a strong and concise manner. It is also important that I focus on presenting my expectations and viewpoints in a strong manner (Fearn-Banks, 2016). It is important that these viewpoints are presented in a strong manner; however, the person should be polite and should not hurt the sentiments of other people. The test results in the assertiveness test also revealed that I am highly indecisive and afraid of taking risks. It considers all the positive and negative aspects of the situation before taking a decision. Although being a positive quality, it is important to consider the timeline before taking a decision. I am also very indecisive which presents me as a confused person. The test highlighted that I have critical thinking skills and intelligent while perceiving the emotions of others. The focus of my personality is on the critical thinking abilities and taking the right and the most optimal decision (Gardner Milne, Stringer Whiting, 2005). However, in this process, I make excessive delays which creates a negative presentation of my personality. Another significant aspect of my personality is the lack of leadership skills. The lack in the communication skills has also affected my leadership skills. The leadership is the characteristic to modify the perception and the belief of the followers. Therefore, creating influence on the followers require strong communication skills. Several other factors such as the lack of confidence and the indecisiveness has also negatively influenced my leadership skills. Analysis of Recent Professional Encounters The business communication skills are essential part in the professional growth of the people. The employees who possess good communication skills have advantage in their professional lives. The business communication skills comprises of the written and the verbal communication skills. A skilled and well-behaved professional should have professional etiquettes and should possess the capability to present themselves to several different people (Hartman McCambridge, 2011). It is a critical competency factor which can distinguish an employee from his peers. It can be perceived that due to the lack of the professional skills, I am not able to present myself in a proper manner. Being an engineer, I encounter a high degree of competition from my peers. I understand that it is important to distinguish myself from my peers to obtain recognition from my seniors (Henderson Mathew Byrne, 2016). However, due to lack of communication capabilities, I have not obtained the due recognition. In the last year, a get-together was organized for my peers and colleagues. The office parties and functions are great opportunities to build network and connect with the senior employees. However, due to the inefficiency in the professional communication, I was not able to communicate with my seniors in a proper manner and leave a strong impression on them. I analysed that in the meeting, I only gave adequate responses to the senior employees. I had a difficulty in presenting my views to the experienced professionals. Due to this inability, I lost the opportunity to leave a strong impression on my seniors. In the same essence, there was another case, wherein I have to give a PowerPoint presentation to the senior employees of the company. The presentation was about an innovative engineering idea which can reduce the cost to the company by several extent. However, I was unable to pitch the idea to the lack of the convincing power. Although it was an innovative idea, and my immediate manager appreciated it; however, the major investors seemed less convinced (Koprowska, 2014). In this encounter, I realized that the lack of convincing power has resulted in the loss of a recognition opportunity. The managers were also not convinced about the full execution of the innovative idea and its financial viability. It can be summarized that the business communication skills are an integral part of the professional growth of a professional. It is important that a professional has adequate business communication skills (Kreuger, 2008). I used several business communication tools to analyse the weakness in the professional communication. Two weaknesses, namely, lack of persuasion skills as well as lack of leadership skills have been identified in the communication skills assessment. Literature Review The present literature review will present the views of the eminent authors regarding the leadership and the persuasion skills of an individual. It can be critiqued that it is important for an individual to acquire business communication skills. In the views of Kuhnke (2013) skills should be validated in both verbal as well as written skills of a professional. Business communication skills are also essential for an organization to achieve its goals. Therefore, a large number of business organization also conduct training and development for the growth of professional communication skills of an individual. The business communication skills are also important in the execution of different business operations and the value chain activities of an individual. In the perspective of Leutenberg, Liptak, Brodsky (2008), the business communication is an important dimension of the personality which affects different aspects of an individuals life. However, the primal importance of the business communication skills are in the professional world. It is important that to establish strong, positive relationship with the customers as well as the suppliers. In the views of Marinho, Mesquita de Medeiros, Gama Teixeira (2017) the communication and leadership capabilities are essential in the professional development aspect of san individual. Due to its high importance, most of the companies have made strong communication and leadership skills as a mandatory requirement. The communication skills include several different skills such as listening capabilities, writing skills, verbal skills, presentation, negotiation, and team work skills. The quality of a professional communicator is that he incorporates all these aspects in his communication or conversation. The listening skills are also an important aspect of the professional communication. It is the ability of a person to incorporate the views of others embrace conflicting viewpoints. An individual should be able to consider the audience as an individual partner and he should focus on finding the solution to a specific problem rather than taking the lead in a conversation. According to McKay, Davis, Fanning (2009) the persuasion skills is the ability of an individual to negotiate with others and convince them about a certain action. Most of the professional communication takes place over a mail and requires that an individual to have adequate convincing power in written communication. With the current digitalization and internet mediums, business communication also takes place in blogs and social media. In these mediums, the communicator should be able to convince the customers to buy the products or avail the services. It can be critiqued as per the views of Koprowska (2014) that the digital mediums have entered inside the private lives of the people and assisted the organizations in building the online reputation of the organization. It is important to develop effective business communication skills which is required in the social media. The online communication is quite different from other modes of communication and requires different tone and the message content. Therefore, clear differentiation should be made between different modes of communication and the choice of words and tone should be selected appropriately. In the views of Vangelisti (2016) the leadership skills are essential for the employees in presenting their thoughts, opinions and approaches in an effective manner. The verbal skills are required for representing oneself confidently in a group. It is also important in arriving at a mutually agreeable status. The confidence and the persuasion skills are also essential in building trust and strong relationships with different stakeholders in a professional setting. The interpersonal skills are essential in developing common goals for the organization, developing empathy, relation, bonds and achieving common targets. It assist an individual in developing personal relations and empathy, which are important in the professional world. As per the views of Gimenez (2000) the leadership and the persuasion skills are also essential in developing the teamwork capabilities of the organization. In a business organization, there are several different teams which work together a common goal. In this situation, these teams can have several different conflicting views and business issues may arise in the work. In an organization setting, several people from different cultural backgrounds arrive and work together. According to the perception of Guffey Loewy (2015) good leader should be able to work alongside people of different cultures and backgrounds. It is important to accommodate the desires and the needs of different people for being able to become a good leader. A good leader should be able to develop a strong team, wherein different team members are able to communicate with each other regarding different tasks and opinions. It is important for the leaders to understand that the combined efforts of the team and essenti al and more important than the individual contribution of the employees. In the views of Locker (2011), good leadership and persuasion skills of the employees are essential in internal as well as the external communication of the employees. Today, most of the business organizations have also acknowledged the importance of the business communication and have implemented systems and strategies to develop in a professional communication skills in the workplace. The organizations are trying to develop the training and the development facility for the employees for enhancing the communication or the soft skills of the employees. The training can enhance the transmission of information within the workplace which can impact on the overall organization efficiency. The business organizations have also developed the standardized procedures so that the communication between suppliers and the customers can be controlled and executed in a proper manner. According to Means (2009), it is important to acknowledge that the persuasion and the leadership skills are also essential in the effective execution of the business operations. It is also important in exchanging information, executing different plans, developing organization policies. These approaches can assist the business organizations in building strong business relations and tie-ups with the employees. According to Larson Larson (2012) the persuasion skills are important aspect in the professional growth of the people. In several instances, an employee needs to persuade his seniors or the customers. There are several benefits of the persuasion skills which can be fine-tuned with several methods. Firstly, it is important to find a common round or human connection with the other person. The symbol of being connected can build trust and increase the convincing power of the person. Persistence is also important in persuading others for a specific cause. It is also important that the other person to remain ready for an argument if the other person do not agree with the situation. The body language is also an important aspect in the influencing the viewpoint of other people. Moreover, confidence is very essential in the persuasion skills. If a person will show confidence in himself, other people will also show confidence in him. In the views of Shi (2017), the professional world, leadership skills are very essential. In order to improve the leadership skills, an individual should self-analyse the leadership qualities. The leadership development can enhance the employee engagement and productivity at the workplace. Developing leadership qualities can result in easy transition to the future leadership roles of the organization. The foremost thing in the leadership role is enhancing the networking capabilities of the employees. The networking skills are essential in the individual growth and the business development of the organization. The networking skills are essential in forging powerful connections, initiating conversation with strangers and enhancing the overall confidence of the person. Networking is also beneficial in enhancing the overall reputation of the organization. An employee should carry himself positively to achieve the intended target. Another important method for the leadership development is the mentor-mentee relationship. It is an easy and effective method in developing the leadership qualities of the employees and advance their personal skills. It is an easy method to develop the leadership skills from the employer. With the help of mentorship program, the employees can hone their skills and develop more professional employees. Although mentorship is beneficial for the new hires, it is also efficient cross-training tool for the current employees. In the cross-training, the employees learn about new skills of their colleagues which can develop them professionally. The leadership roles can enhance the organization success, improving the team performance and enhancing the efficiency of the employees. The cross-training skill of the employees can also enhance the motivation of the employees which boosts their confidence. According to Bishop (2006) feedback loop is also important in developing the leadership skills of the employees. The feedback loop measures the performance of the employees in the workplace and provide recommendations to them to develop their future productivity. It is important that there is continuous communication between the employer and the employees. It is necessary that there is effective communication in the workplace wherein the employees meet regularly in an informal, one-to-one meet. These meetings will assist the employees to develop and design the plans for the future career growth. The leadership can be developed by determining individual goals and identifying the opportunities for the career goals. Another significant method is learning by example. In order to develop the leadership skills, an employee can follow a specific leader and follow his characteristics. There are different leadership styles, such as transformation leadership, transactional leadership or author itative leadership. An individual adopt a specific leadership style as per the situation and convenience. Following a specific leader can enhance the leadership style of an individual. Action Plan The action plan outlines different steps and strategies which can be used to address a specific issue or problem. In the present case, two major communication issues have been identified. An action plan has been constructed so that these business communication challenges can be addressed. In the present case, it can be critiqued that the communication skills of a professional are never perfect and it is desirable to constantly hone or sharpen them. As a result, several strategies and improvement methods have been used to develop the professional communication skills. The action plan can be defined as the series of actions or strategies which are targeted to eradicate a particular issue. The action plan is focused on the lack of assertiveness and the leadership skills. The present action plan is focussed on enhancing these skills over a period of two months. Assertiveness refers to the ability of a person to express his feelings in a free manner. It is the process of giving equal importance to the needs and the rights of every individual. The assertiveness is the process of realizing the needs and desires of an individual in a proper manner. The assertiveness is the process of presenting the viewpoints in a strong manner. There are several methods such as role-playing, group discussions, professional training, and personal coaching which can enhance the assertiveness of a person. In assertiveness, a person expresses his feelings in an efficient manner without any inhibitions. Activities Impact Group discussions and Debates Taking part in group discussion or debates can enhance the confidence level, which will increase the proficiency of the person Professional train The professional training will increase the confidence of a person in workplace Personal Coaching Mentor or one-to-one coaching is an effective manner in which assertiveness or persuasion skills can be transferred through performance feedback The leadership skills is the ability of a person to influence the perception of other people. It is the responsibility of the leader to envision a dream and motivate others to achieve it as a combined goal. The leadership is considered as an important quality of the professionals or the managers. In the development of the leadership skills, self-actualization and public speaking has a positive effect. The confidence development is also an essential part of the leadership skills of an individual. The leader should also demonstrate positive attitude and proficiency in persuasion and assertiveness skills. Action Timeline Debates voluntary work and activities involving public interaction Reading leadership development books Enhancing the leadership skills by providing examples, strategies and leadership styles Action plan Activities 1st month 2rd month 3rd, 4th month 5th-6th month University courses on leadership development Reading leadership books Self-reflection Journal Mentoring by experienced professionals Evaluation of the action plan References Angour, J. (2012). Managing disagreement in problem solving meeting talk. Journal of Pragmatics, 44, 1565-1579. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.06.010 Bishop, S. (2006). Develop Your Assertiveness. Kogan Page Publishers. Cocks, M., Moulton, C. A. Luu, S., Cil, T. (2014). What surgeons can learn from athletes: mental practice in sports and surgery. Journal of Surgical Education, 71(2), 262269. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.07.002 De Vries. R. E., Bakker-Pieper, A., Oostenveld, W. (2010). Leadership = Communication? The relations of leaders communication styles with leadership styles, knowledge sharing and leadership outcomes. Journal of Business Psychology, 25(3), 367-380. doi: 10.1007/s10869-009-9140-2 Fearn-Banks, K. (2016).Crisis communications: A casebook approach. Routledge (page 9) Gardner C. T, Milne, M. J., Stringer C. P., Whiting, R. H. (2005). Oral and written communication apprehension in accounting students: curriculum impacts and impacts on academic performance. International Journal of Accounting Education, 14(3), 313336. doi: 10.1080=0693928050007726 Gimenez, J.C. (2000). Business e-mail communication: some emerging tendencies in register. English for Specific Purposes 19. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2015). Essentials of Business Communication. Cengage Learning. Hartman, J. L., McCambridge, J. (2011). Optimizing millennials communication styles. 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Innovation Trends In The Food Industry The Case of Functional Foods

Question: Discuss about the Report on Innovation Trends In The Food Industry for The Case of Functional Foods? Answer: Executive Summary The brand FruUgle, was formed after the products that it will be selling, which will be fruit that may be described as unappealing by supermarkets to sell. It is an online based business serving customers around London until it expands into another city. The company's main goal is an ethical one, as its aim is to show how Fruit Vegetables are wasted and how less desirable fruit is avoided by supermarkets. A financial goal the company has set, is expanding into new areas, they plan to expand in the third year of the business into Manchester, which therefore means it will have to be quite profitable in order to reach this. Other than these goals, the future projections of the business will become profitable within the first twelve months and to make a profit of at least 8,000 after tax, which will be more than enough to carry on the business into the second year. Idea and Company Description FruUgle is an online based business specialising in helping people save money by allowing them to purchase fresh fruit and vegetables at a low price. FruUgle will be able to provide a lower price to their customers as the produce will be classed as unappealing by supermarkets. The customers can either buy the products as a one-off transaction or as a subscriptions package at a slightly reduced rate.The subscription package will be delivered weekly or every two weeks. It will save their time as they will not have to purchase the produce each week. They will then deliver the product to the customer at their soonest convenience. The business will be the only service of this nature in this country, however there two similar businesses operating which are in America. (Imperfect, 2016) This is why this will appeal to price-conscious consumers who are looking for a bargain. It will furthermore attract consumers who are looking for products with from an ethical viewpoint as FruUgle would be selling goods that would normally be wasted. The service would contribute in eliminating food waste which is currently at 6.7 Million tonnes a year for household waste. Most of this is avoidable foods such as potatoes at 359,000 tonnes and apples equating to 178,000 tonnes. (Ventour 2008, April (Revised July)) The main competitors can be grouped into two groups, brick and mortar and already established food delivery companies; Supermarkets Green Grocers Farmers markets Fruit and Vegetable delivery companies They hope to compete with them by offering fruit and vegetables at a lower rate to the customer and by being the first in the country to offer environmentally ethical fresh products. The business idea was influenced from an environmental perspective, where the team wanted to make a change to how unappealing fruit and vegetables were wasted where it still has the same qualities and taste as a normal looking fruit. Industry and Market analysis - Vasyl The subject idea focuses on the development of service delivery provision in London for fruits and vegetables. The produce sold will be inexpensive as it will be from local supermarkets, i.e. fruits and vegetables considered as defective for sale as per their standards. However, our consumers will have knowledge on this and that it is the reason for the low prices. Nevertheless, even though our produce will be what the supermarkets usually throw away, the business will ensure that they are not a threat to human health. It will create a platform to compete with the supermarkets and others delivery systems, particularly due to our low prices. Our customers will secure 7-day subscriptions as part of the profitability strategy in addition to connecting with other farming networks. They will offer the first delivery for free to attract more customers and create brand loyalty. Moreover, ensuring the produce is in the right size and has perfect taste will be part of the scheme. Industry The business will operate in the foods industry and will focus its business operations on the fruits and vegetables section of the entire foods industry. The foods industry involves a number of products and services delivered to the customers present in the corresponding markets during the process of delivering the food items. The major focus of the business in this industry will be delivering good quality fruits and vegetables to the customers at low prices without any harmful effects on the health of the customers (Malla, 2013). The fruits and vegetables section of the foods industry in the United Kingdom involves a large number of organizations operating in it and providing a range of products and services to the customers present in the corresponding markets. Some of the supermarket chains operating in London are ASDA, Sainsburys, Tesco and Marks Spencer, who provide similar products to the customers. The business will have a competitive advantage over these large supermarket chains in the industry because of the low price offerings for the fruits and vegetables rejected by the large supermarket chains. The fruits and vegetables industry in London also involves the operations of a number of other retail stores and wholesalers who provide the customers similar products as the new business (Wyness, 2012). The increase in the healthy lifestyle trends of the customers present in the markets in London and Manchester, the fruits and vegetables industry can expect growth in the future. The citizens of the corresponding markets are gradually following healthy lifestyles due to increase of awareness of various diseases and weaknesses due to lack of vitamins and proteins. This allows the fruits and vegetables industry to grow along with the increase demand of the various types of vegetables and fruits which are rich in various minerals required for a good health. Recent concerns about ecological and food safety in the food industry have prompted expanding enthusiasm for organic foods and vegetable generation as a distinct option for customary products and enterprises. Moreover, as more suppliers of organic foods and vegetables enter the business, it turns out to be more aggressive and existing makers are required to end up better tools and strategies that are more successful. Given the way of their subject activity, the business will have a higher ground as it will focus on a particular system of clients. So the latest environmental trend in the corresponding markets of operation is the consumption of organic food and vegetables. The customers present in the market are generally preferring organic foods and vegetables over the products with artificial substance. The latest business trend in the corresponding industry is based on the increasing demand of the organic foods and vegetables, which in turn causing the organizations operating in the industry to provide a wide range of organic foods and vegetables to the customers. The political issues involved in the business operations in the fruits and vegetables industry are minimal in terms of their negative effects on the business. The organization operating in the corresponding industry has to follow certain guidelines and policies established by the government, in their business operations of providing the products to the customers present in the corresponding markets. Another political issue is the standard of quality set by the government of the corresponding market and the requirement of the business to maintain this minimum standard of quality in their business products and services. Potential for development lies on the significant accentuation of the client. With this produce business, giving the client what he/she needs, when and how he/she needs more chances for prosperity (Yu Nagurney, 2013). On the other hand, take note of that regardless of the possibility that an interest exists for the organic products supply; there is no rational reason for doing as such unless it happens for a benefit. Thus, effective marketing will rely on upon building up a careful promoting arrangement that structures how to supply the produce dependably, reliably and at a benefit. This in turn allows the business to have a perfect opportunity to grab a lot of the market shares by providing a wide range of organic fruits and vegetables to the customers at low prices. Environmental and Business Trends The organizations providing organic fruits and vegetables in the corresponding markets target various sections of the markets to increase the chance of success and to decrease the competition for the corresponding business operations. The amount of profit one makes offering foods grown from the ground depends largely on where an organization chooses to put their stand. Everybody needs their produce stand to be obvious to the objective populace, ideally in a range with heaps of pedestrian activity. We need those individuals to purchase the imperfect produce and utilize the free deliverance services. Thus, it is a smart thought to put the stand where individuals are now looking for sustenance, for example, by a supermarket (ideally for this business thought) or a rancher's business sector. Also, it is vital to put noteworthy consideration on building the display. It is acceptable to offer/convey the produce out of cardboard boxes; however, one will expect a superior reaction from clien ts on the off chance that they put a little exertion into how their item looks. Today, individuals adore the idea of perfect, alluring presentations for their food. Typical Buyer - Target Market Students The students present in the corresponding markets can be considered to be the targeted customers for the fruits and vegetables sold by FruUgle due to the low price of the products along with decent quality. The students will prefer the products at lower price in comparison to the other brands available in the market and the decent quality of the fruits and vegetables sold by FruUgle allows the students to be attracted to the offerings (Wyness, 2012). Environmentally conscious There are a number of people present in the corresponding markets who are conscious about the state of the environment along with the negative effects on it because of their actions. The products sold by FruUgle are the fruits and vegetables rejected by the large supermarket chains operating in the corresponding markets. These large supermarket chains dont deem these fruits and vegetables to be in a standard state to be sold in their retail stores. This in turn leads to the loss of these fruits and vegetables. The potential customers who are conscious about the environment will prefer the products sold by FruUgle as it prevents the loss of environmental resources and hence negative impacts on the environmental factors. Young Families There are a number of customers present in the corresponding market who belong to young families. These customers are generally operating under a lot of pressure of maintaining a happy family with limited resources. So they will prefer the decent quality fruits and vegetables sold by FruUgle at lower prices in comparison to the high quality products sold by the large supermarkets at higher prices (Pierson, 2012). Price conscious There are a number of customers present in the corresponding market, who are conscious of the price of the products that they are buying. These customers prefer the fruits and vegetables sold by FruUgle due to the low price in comparison to the other brands selling the same products. The decent quality of the low cost fruits and vegetables sold by FruUgle will help the organization to attract more number of price conscious customers (Stuckler, 2012). This business idea and delivery system supports the economy and targets a specific target market. The target market will be students, young families and environmentally/price conscious individuals. The business idea of reusing the fruits and vegetables rejected by the large supermarket and retail stores chains in the corresponding markets appeal to the environmental consciousness of these potential customers. The business idea of providing these products to the customers at lower prices also appeal to the price consciousness of these potential customers present in the corresponding market. The delivery system of the products sold by FruUgle through the stands at various places also appeal to the individuals targeted by the business model of the organization. The students present in the corresponding market prefer the quick purchasing process from the fruits and vegetables stands instead of the long queues in the large supermarkets and retail stores. The individuals who are conscious of the price of the products or belong to young families prefer the business model of FruUgle due to the low price offerings (Malla 2013). Segments in the market The corresponding market of operation of FruUgle can be divided into a number of segments based on a number of factors. Some of these segmentation factors for the corresponding market are mentioned in this section of the report. Socioeconomic status The individuals present in the corresponding market can be segmented into various segments based on their socioeconomic status. The socio economic status of the potential customers in the corresponding market define whether they can afford or prefer the products sold by FruUgle. The individuals present in the middle and bottom socioeconomic classes in London will most likely to be the most attracted to the products sold by FruUgle (Kunkel, 2013). Lifestyle The lifestyle of the individuals present in the corresponding market is another factor which affects the purchase decision making process for the products sold by FruUgle. The individuals accustomed to the lavish lifestyle generally prefer buying their food from the large supermarkets and retail shops present in the corresponding market (Goldberg, 2012). Age is not a determining attribute as the focus is saving on cost and providing excellent products. As indicated by earlier research, customers can spare 32% of their budget purchasing organic food and vegetables from this type of outlet, as compared to the supermarket prices and simultaneously, experience the free delivery services. Other descriptions such as social/ethnic factors and typical lifestyle are not primal making the venture convenient and competitive with the other appealing outlets being the supermarkets and farmer's markets. However, given developments in 2015, the fruit and vegetable markets have been experiencing a decline due to the mounting supremacy and acceptance of cheaper suppliers with excellent delivery systems. Moreover, even if these outlets decide to lower the prices chances of overpowering such a system are extremely narrow. Competition The competition for FruUgle in the corresponding market is based on a number of environmental factors. Some of these environmental factors are mentioned in this section of the report, which affect the overall business model of the organization. Potential Size of the Market In London, consumers acquire organic food and vegetable from farmers' markets, community supported agriculture and delivery programs. Farmer markets comprise of open markets normally held outside where agriculturists assemble and offer local and fresh produce to shoppers. There are a few agriculturists markets all through London. On the other hand, the farmer's markets are losing touch because consumers now know that not all items sold there is local produce. This creates a great deal of potentials for the London market. Presently, there is an additional strategy to endeavor opportunities in the business sector (Yu Nagurney, 2013). Before and after the cultivating seasons, the customers could pay a certain fee and after that, at some point toward the starting or mid-year, produce, and other sustenance items will be accessible to them, courtesy of this venture. The business will convey the produce to a pre-decided area in the distinctive communities at a set time, and every one of th e purchasers will just have to pick their produce. Scalability of the market The market for fruits and vegetables in London is definitely scalable, which allows the introduction of the new business models and ideas. The unique business idea of FruUgle allows the organization to sustain in the corresponding market and allows the business processes to be a success. The fruits and vegetables market will be able to sustain with the increasing demand and business operations for the corresponding products (Grunert, 2012). Competitors analysis There are a number of large and medium organization operating in the corresponding market can be considered to be the significant competitors for the business operations of FruUgle. The supermarket chains such as ASDA, Marks Spencer, Sainsburys and Tesco are the biggest competitors of the organization with high brand loyalty and strong brand image. These organizations hold a lot of shares in the corresponding market, which in turn affect the business of FruUgle. Potential risks There are a number of potential risks present in the corresponding market, which can negatively affect the business processes of the organization. These risks should be effectively monitored to ensure the high performance of the organization. Some of these risks are mentioned in this section of the report. Spoilage or contamination of the products are possible due to power outages or other issues (Bigliardi, 2013). The safety of the products can be compromised due to the failure in the machines and processes responsible for maintaining their safety. Possibility of errors and failures in the supply chain and inventory management systems may cause the organization to lose a lot of business. The failures in the equipment may cause the disruption of the delivery of the products to the customers present in the corresponding markets. Marketing plan There are plenty of competitors who sell similar products to FruUgle, however where they excel is in the ability to market themselves as an environmentally conscious brand at a low price point. Theyre selling organic produce that would have otherwise gone to waste, unlike their competitors. The business will use this vision to market their products; they want to convey a message to their target market that they care for the environment. This is why the customer should work together with them to improve the environment by purchasing the products from them. The brand's current marketing strategy will be primarily done via social media, blogs and podcasts. Facebook, Instagram and Twitter will be used to promote deals and announce new products/services. Pictures of their fruit and vegetables as well as packaging will be posted to establish brand recognition and brand reputation. This is a new cost effective way of marketing compared to old marketing. The business plans on advertising on Google and Facebook to gain new customers from existing delivery services. FruUgle will use selected keywords to find users who have shown an interest in topics which are related to their business. The business will additionally advertise on podcasts who share their target audience demographically. They will use personalised URLs to track the success of the advertising campaign. The business will also plan to work with bloggers by sending them products for free to test out and endorse. The blogger's audience demographics will be studied to see if there's an overlap before any exchange in products. FruUgle believes that these kinds of marketing will be most suitable for the business. This is because it is an online based business and they will be able to reach key demographic which is students, young adults and environmentally conscious individual. They will also do their own packaging when delivering the products to the customer which will lead to promote the business further. This is because when the customers reuse the bag, other people will be able to see the brand name. The price of the products will be as economical as possible. It will be 30% less than the market price. The customer will get extra 15% off in their first order which will encourage them to try products. There will also have different types of promotional offers to attract more customers. One of the examples is the extra 5% off for customers who uses a promotional code; this special offer will be for the students. The company will work with NUS to advertise to student discount to attract new customers. As FruUgle is an online based business, they have decided to deliver the products to a customers chosen location. In the first two years, the delivery service will be based in the London area only. Over the two years, the business will expand their delivery area to Manchester. For the delivery service, the customer will only pay a little amount of money. If the customer buys shopping for twenty pounds or more then they will be able to enjoy the delivery service for free. After one year of service to the customers, FruUgle will start adding more features to the way they deliver their products. One of the extra features they can include is allowing customers to pick up their products from the pickup points for free. There will be a number of pickup points in the different location to allow customers to pick up their products quickly and cheaply. Company structure After the company was formed, FruUgle found out what each members specialty was and assigned a specialist role to them to ensure that each of their positions were the most applicable role. Joes role is lead researcher and strategist as he contributed the most to the overall business concept and performed all the research from market and business perspectives, as well as having past experience in running his own business. Vasyl has experience in HTML and CSS from when he was a part-time web designer,this allowed him to be the company website developer as he is the most skilled to do that position. Ashs degree made him the ideal person to be in charge of the financial aspects of the business such as being the accountant. His task is to deal with all the calculations that needs to be done to predict the costs and revenue. Stuarts role is to oversee marketing of the product and public relations of the business. He was chosen from experience he had at doing a similar position for a university society. Matthew is in charge of general admin related tasks such as handling intellectual property related issues and answering customer inquiries. He was selected for this role because he is a friendly individual with really good people skills. Service Development and Operations Plan - Stuart From a business standpoint FruUgle plan on starting out small with an outside investment of 4000 realistically there are expectations that the business will have slow growth and it will take several months before it is making enough money to justify heavy outside investment. Disposable cash from each five of the directors of the business will be used as the outside investment. Firstly, the plan is to cut overhead costs, therefore FruUgle has decided not to rent a warehouse straight away as there will be minimum stock when starting up, for which a warehouse is not really needed therefore, overhead costs can be cut for the first year this way until the business has a high enough growth and stock to need a warehouse. For sourcing the Fruit and Vegetable initially the business will be making contact with the farming associates to essentially get the business known to many UK farmers who might be interested in partnering with them as they believe this will be more efficient than individually trying to contact the farmers themselves, also not to mention the fact the Farming associates will already have well established trusted contact with many farmers already. The idea is that the business will source fruit and vegetables from non-Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) farmers that would generally not sell to appearance, i.e. odd shaped apples, oranges e.g. that would not get sold in supermarkets. This is why FruUgle wish to use non GMO crops as they believe that if they were to use GMO crops that are deformed in any way, as controversial as it might seem to be people would not buy because they would think that the genetic modification has somehow altered the way it has formed and it may be harmful to their health. From the farmers themselves, a contract will be drawn up which will involve the organizing of farmers inventory that will be supplied to FruUgle. For the actual delivery itself FruUgle will be setting up contracts with already existing courier companies, as they have no interest in essentially creating in their own courier service as well to transport the food itself as for a startup business they will end up taking on more than they can realistically do which in many startup business cases, is one of the main reasons why they will fail. FruUgle are currently with KDE Express who is a Courier company which is based in London. (kdeexpress.co.uk, 2016) Initially the business will undercut any UK supermarkets cost of fruit and vegetables as they believe that with the money they are saving elsewhere for example the near nonexistent storage costs due to not using massive storage warehouses FruUgle will be able to undercut the prices of the leading supermarkets while still making a profit, and as the business grows in size and need for warehouses possibly arises, the business will have sufficient net worth to justify the costs. Also crucially they will be the only company within the UK offering this low cost fruit and vegetable service with the only two other similar company being operated in America, so they will have the benefit of no direct competition as yes supermarkets and grocers sell fruit and vegetables, but they will not sell fruit and vegetables that they deem non visibly appealing. The website which will be created by one of the founding team members Vasyl which will be hosted on an out of house server where they will be making sure that customers information is secured and falls well within the Data Protection Act. Lastly the business will be making sure that they fall well within the food distribution laws within the UK and will be contacting the Department of Agriculture regularly to ensure the what they are doing abides with several legal requirements for a food distribution service within the UK including the Food Safety Act, The General Food Law Regulation as well as the Consumer Contracts Regulations. Financial projections This is a new business, but it expected to sell a sufficient amount of products each year. This is because the business will be promoted in many different ways to attract as many customers as they can. The aim is to sell 11,428 crates in the first year. The second year it predicted to sell nearly double the amount which is 31,642 crates and in the third year, the target is to sell 70,643 crates. The crates have the capacity to carry 5.1 liters of products. (chep.com, 2016) The price will be seven pound per crates, the crates will contain assorted fruit. The business expects to sell the products less than 70% of what their competitors are selling it for. There also will be other promotional offers to attract more customers; one of the examples is the extra 5% off for Students. Expenditures will be kept as low as possible for the first year as FruUgle will not rent any office space in the first year, which will help them to use that money in other parts of the business. The expenditures which FruUgle will have are the: Transportation costs Packaging costs Rent Purchasing stock Technology costs Advertising Staff Waste management The following financial projections are for the next three years. It is expected for FruUgle to sell 80,000 in the first year, which is a 177% increase from year one to year two and the potential profit is 8,880 after 20% tax is taken. The next year it is predicted to have a 155% increase from year two to year three, the expecting revenue for this year will be 221,500 and the potential profit will be 21,264. Third-year the estimated revenue will be 494,500 and an increase of 27% and the expecting profit after tax will be 73,211. This is because the business is due to increase the target market by expanding the delivery area in the third year. The Cashflow forecast is located in the Appendix. Appendix Cashflow Forecast for first 3 years of starting business For the first year fruUgle is predicted to reach revenue of 80,000 and a profit of 8,880 after 20% of tax is taken. As you can see rent is not paid as the business will be run from the director's homes. For the second year it is predicted for FruUgle to reach a revenue of approximately 221,500, and a profit of 21,264, after 20% of tax is taken. From March, the business will be run from a warehouse and therefore rent will have to be paid continuously after this month which will increase the costs slightly. For the third year of the business, it is predicted for FruUgle to be making a total revenue of 494,500, and a profit of approximately 73,211, after the 20% tax has been taken. During the March month of this year the business is predicted to undergo an expansion into another city where this will double the rent as rent will have to be paid for 2 warehouses both in London and Manchester. Intellectual property Some intellectual property (IP) has been established that will be used for the particular service. One intellectual property that will be used will be trademarking the logo and packaging so that the product is unique to other brands of fruit out in the current market. By trademarking the packaging and logo this makes it illegal for other, upcoming companies, to copy it and use it as their own. Also there will be a distinct colour scheme to the packaging and logo which may differ amongst different types of deformed fruit and vegetables which FruUgle aims to sell such as oranges, pears and carrots etc. In this case they may sell a multipack of fruits in one crate and therefore the packaging may contain all the colours of the fruits in a design made specific for the packaging, where this specific colour scheme for the design can be trademarked so that other companies dont use the exact mixture of colours on its packaging. This will overall make the packaging stand out to customers as th ey will ultimately see FruUgle as unique and will feel more inclined to purchase it. Another IP that the business will be using is copyrighting the website and social networking page. This will be done to stop other companies, or just random strangers, from framing a copy of FruUgle and using it as their own for fraudulent reasons. For the social networking site such as facebook or instagram, this can be done through verifying the page so that other people can see that once the page is verified it will be the original one and not another one in which someone else set up as their own. Copyrighting the website will be done to make sure that once the website is set up, with the logo and colour scheme etc this will not be copied by anyone else for again fraudulent reasons or any other reasons. Also, it is one of the business IP to use confidential information to protect the business contacts and customers. By using this for an intellectual property they will be making all of the information given to them, by customers and business associates, strictly confidential under the laws of the Data Protection Act. In doing so the business will have the job of maintaining the full, security and privacy, when obtaining information from business contacts and customers, so theyre not used misused by any person within or outside the business. Assumptions Advertising will cost around 1000 for the first 7 months of starting the business The business will be profitable within one year The business will have access to enough stock to purchase Waste Management will increase as stock increases References Bigliardi, B., Galati, F. (2013). Innovation Trends In The Food Industry: The Case Of Functional Foods. Trends in Food Science Technology, 31(2), 118-129. Grunert, K. G., Traill, B. (2012). Products and Process Innovation in the Food Industry. Springer Science Business Media. Goldberg, I. (2012). Functional foods: designer foods, pharmafoods, nutraceuticals. Springer Science Business Media. Kunkel, D., McKinley, C., Wright, P. (2013). The Impact of Industry Self-Regulation on the Nutritional Quality of Foods Advertised on Television to Children. Ch1ldren Now. University of Arizona, 2009. Malla, S., Hobbs, J., Sogah, E. H., Yeung, M. T. (2013). Assessing the functional foods and natural health products industry: A comparative overview and literature review. Canadian Agricultural Innovation and Regulation (CAIRN) Network. Pierson, M. D. (2012). HACCP: principles and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Stuckler, D., Nestle, M. (2012). Big food, food systems, and global health. PLoS medicine, 9(6), 678 Wyness, L. A., Butriss, J. L., Stanner, S. A. (2012). Reducing the population's sodium intake: the UK Food Standards Agency's salt reduction programme. Public health nutrition, 15(02), 254-261. Ventour, L., 2008, April (Revised July). The food we waste. Institute of Food Research. Available at: https://www.ifr.ac.uk/waste/Reports/WRAP%20The%20Food%20We%20Waste.pdf (Accessed November 1, 2015). Yu, M., Nagurney, A (2013) Competitive Food Supply Chain Networks with Application to Fresh Produce: European Journal of Operational Research, 224(2), 273-282 Foldable Plastic Crate - K1 - 5 Litres (14400) Available at: https://www.chep.com/RPCs/Foldable-Plastic-Crate-K1-5-Litres-14400/ (Accessed: 4 Jan 2016). Imperfect - Ugly Produce Delivery Available at: https://www.imperfectproduce.com/ (Accessed: 4 Jan 2016). Courier and Delivery Services in North West London from KDE Express Available at: https://www.kdeexpress.co.uk/home/3822895 (Accessed: 6 Jan 2016).